被动语态 定语从句总结

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语态,从句,定语,被动,总结

英语被动语态用法归纳总结

一、被动语态定义和用法

当我们要突出某个行为的执行者时,应使用主动语态来表达,而要强调动作的承受者时,要使用被动语态来表达。 主语为动作的执行者时,表示主动语态。 e.g. He told the story. (主动语态)他讲了这个故事。主语为动作的承受者时,表示被动语态。e.g.The story was told by him. (被动语态)这个故事被他讲了。

二、一般现在时被动语态的各类句式总结如下:

1. 肯定句:主语+am / is / are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)

2. 否定句:主语+ am / is / are not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者) 3. 一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are +主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)

4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者) e.g. This song is still loved by many young people today. 这首歌现在仍然受到许多年轻人的喜爱。(肯定句) This camera is not made in Japan.

这部相机不是日本制造的。(否定句)

Is the film called Snow White?这部电影是叫《白雪公主》吗?(一般疑问句) Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 是的。/不是。

How many people were mentioned in the conversation?(特殊疑问句) 对话中提到了几个人?Two. 两个。

三、一般过去时的被动语态

被动语态的动词形式为:be+动词的过去分词,其中be为助动词,根据不同的人称和时态有形式的变化。因此,一般过去时的被动语态为:

1. 肯定句:主语+was/were+动词过去分词( + by+动作执行者) e.g. The letter was written by Jim.

2. 否定句:主语+was/were not+动词过去分词( + by+动作执行者) e.g. The letter wasnt written by Jim.

3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+by+动作执行者) e.g. Was the letter written by Jim?

4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+by+动作执行者) e.g. When was the letter written by Jim?

当动词不定式作宾语补足语时,要把主动语态中表人的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语的位置不变。

e.g. The school encouraged Liu Xiang to train for the high jump. Liu Xiang was encouraged to train for the high jump.

但是当to在宾语补足语里被省略时,在变被动语态时要在宾语补足语里加上to e.g. The boss made him complete the work one day.

He was made to complete the work one day (by the boss).


一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时

肯定 否定 一般疑问

主语+am/is/are +done 主语+was/were +done 主语+will/be (am/is/are) going to +be +done

主语+am/is/are +not +done 主语+was/were +not +done 主语+will/be (am/is/are) not + going to+ be+done

Am/Is/Are+主语+done Was/Were+主语+done

Will+主语+be+done/ Be (am/is/are)+主语+going to +be +done

特殊疑问

特殊疑问词will+主语+be + done/

特殊疑问词+am/is/are++done

特殊疑问词+was/were++done

特殊疑问词be (am/is/are)+主语+going to +be +done

英语定语从句用法归纳

一、在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导从句的关系代词有who(-主格), whom(-宾客), whose(-所有格), which(), that(/)

引导从句的关系副词有where(地点), when(时间), why(原因) The man who lives next to us is a teacher. You must do everything that I do.

We will never forget the day when we visited our headmaster. He asked the man who/that (作从句主语) was smoking. The noodles that/which(作从句宾语) I cooked were delicious. 二、that 引导定语从句

that 为定语从句的引导词, 放在先行词及定于从句之间起连接作用, 同时在定语从句中充当句子成分。that 引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物, 也可以修饰有生命的动物或人, that 在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略) 关系代词只能用that的情况:

(1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词, 关系代词一般只用that, 不用which。例如: All the people that are present burst into tears. Is there anything that I can do for you?

(2) 如果先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, the best 等词修饰, 关系代词常用that (指人时, 可以用who)。例如:

This is the very book that I want to find. That is the best film that we have seen.

I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.

(3) 当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 所修饰时。例如:


You can take any seat that is free.

(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。例如: It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen. This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen. (5) there be句型中, 常用that

There is a man that lives in that village.

(6) 先行词有两个, 一个指人, 一个指物, 关系代词应该用that。例如: The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 三、which 引导的定语从句

which 引导的定语从句修饰的是无生命物体, which 在从句中可以作主语, 也可以作宾语。 只能用which的情况: a. 关系代词前有介词。

This is the house in which we lived last year. b. 先行词本身是that

The clock is that which I bought yesterday. c. 非限制性定语从句。

His English, which used to be very poor, is now excellent. 四、who引导的定语从句

如果先行词指人那么定语从句的引导词就可以用who如果先行词指人, 引导词在从句中充当宾语, 那么引导词就要用who的宾格形式whom, 口语中也可以用who代替。 She has two brothers, who are both doctors. The man whom I saw is called Smith.

定语从句中引导词的省略:不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物, 如果引导词在从句中作宾语, 通常就可以省略。

e.g. Did you go to the talk (that/ which) the famous scientist gave at your school? 你去听那位著名科学家在你们学校做的演讲了吗?

Is that the car (that/which) you bought last month?那是你上个月买的车吗? A friend is a person (who/whom) you know very well and like. 朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。

引导词作宾语时可以省略是因为省略后的从句仍然有主语和谓语, 仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。但是, 引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略, 否则会造成结构混乱。 e.g. Id like to have a teacher who is good at speaking. 我想拥有一位擅长演讲的老师。

He can make lessons that are usually boring interesting. 他能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。

以上两句中的引导词 who that 在从句中作主语, 不能省略。此外, 需要注意的是, 虽然在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在口语中往往被省略, 但在正式文体中则常常被保留。


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