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1.Management Science Management Science is a scholarly journal that publishes scientific research into the practice of management. Our scope includes articles that address management issues with tools from foundational fields such as computer science,economics,mathematics,operations research,political science,psychology,sociology,and statistics,as well as cross-functional,multidisciplinary research that reflects the diversity of the management science professions.Our interest extends to managerial issues in diverse organizational forms ,such as for-profit and nonprofit firms,private and public sector institutions,and formal and informal networks of individuals. We welcome theoretical,empirical,prescriptive,and descriptive contributions. 管理科学是一种把科学研究用于实践管理的学术期刊。与工具包括文章地址管理问题它的搜索范围包括以下基本领域：如计算机科学、经济学、数学、运筹学,政治科学,心理学,社会学,和统计学；以及反映管理科学专业的多样性的跨部门、多学科的研究。我们对不同组织形式的管理问题也感兴趣,如营利性和非营利性公司,私人机构和公共部门机构,正式和非正式网络个体。欢迎理论性的,实证的、说明性的和描述性的稿件来我刊投稿。 Management Science,is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics devoted to optimal decision planning,with strong links with economics,business,engineering,and other sciences.It uses various scientific research-based principles,strategies,and analytical methods including mathematical modeling,statistics and numberical algogithms to improve an organization’s ability to enact rational and meaningful management decisions by arriving at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex decision problems. 管理科学,是应用数学中的跨学科分支；通过与经济,商业,工程,和其他科学紧密联系，管科科学可以用于最优化决策。管理科学通过使用各种科学研究原理、策略和分析方法包括数学建模、数据统计和数值算法来提高组织制定合理并有意义的管理决策的能力,使复杂决策问题达到最优或接近最优解。 Operations research, as defined by the Operations Research Society of America,”is concerned with scientific deciding how to best design and operating man-machine systems,usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resource.”Important to the field is the development,testing,and use of models to predict various outcomes under differing conditions or optimize the outcome for a given condition.This gives decision makers the ability either to choose the “best”outcome or to enhance the likelihood of given set of desired outcomes.The application of quantitative methods is also very important. 美国运筹学学会将运筹学定义为：在需要对紧缺资源进行分配的前提下决定如何最好的设计和运作人-机系统的决策科学。这个领域的重点是发展，检测和应用模型去预测在不同条件下的各种结果，或者优化给定条件下的结果。决策者应有的能力是：要么选择最优结果，要么增大一系列给定结果中的好的结果的可能性。定量方法的应用也是非常重要的。 3.Operations research Operations research is a rich field possessing deep intellectual content.It has many varied subfields and numerous applications in engineering ,physical sciences,economics,management,and social sciences.A dynamic field,it has successfully renewed itself through new lines of inquiry and application. 123 No brief assessment of a research agenda could do the field justice.What follows highlights five major OR areas.They are not meant to all inclusive--many areas are not covered.Two are theoretical (optimization and stochastic processes),one is applied(manufacturing and logistics),one has major elements of both theory and practice(the OR\AI interface),and one studies underlying processes(operational and modeling science). 运筹学是一个丰富的领域拥有深厚的知识内容。.它有许多不同的分支领域，并在工程，物理科学，经济学，管理学，社会科学广泛的应用。一个充满活力的领域，它已成功的通过探究和应用新的生产线延续本身。简单的研究议程不能合理地评估运筹学研究。下面突出五个专业运筹学领域，它们只是运筹学研究的一部分——许多领域还没有涉及到。两个理论(优化和随机过程),一个是应用(制造业和物流),有理论和实践的主要元素(运筹学和人工智能的结合),和一个研究基础流程(操作和科学建模)。 4.Linear programming Linear programming is widely used throughout the world.Optimization also involves techniques for solving large-scale,discrete,nonlinear,multiobjective,and global problems. Some recent advances in the field have such great potential that they have been cited prominently in popular publications,including the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal.Moreover,optimization is in a new stage of proliferation because its techniques are now accessible to microcomputers.Since optimization has achieved a degree of maturity,it is natural to take a hard look at what can be expected from further research. 线性规划在全世界范围内被广泛应用。最优化也包括解决大规模，离散，非线性，多目标和全球化问题的技术。在这个领域最近的一些探索有如此大的潜力以至于它们已经被一些受欢迎的出版物大力宣传，其中包括《纽约时报》和《华尔街日报》。此外，因为现在最优化的技术可通过微机来实现，所以它正处在一个快速发展的新时期。既然最优化已经达到了一个成熟的程度，那么关注在更进一步的研究中被期望的结果是自然而然的了。 科学技术评价是指对科学技术系统内部各种活动和要素，以及科学技术活动的环境和对外的影响所进行的规范的评估活动，科技评价的对象包括科技计划评价、R D项目评价、科技人才评价、科技成果评价，以及科学技术对政治、经济、社会发展的影响等等。 The evaluation of science and technology is formal activities to evaluate activities and main elements within their system as well as the environment and the external influence.The science and technology evaluation objects include plan evaluation, R D project evaluation, evaluation of scientific and technological talents, achievements evaluation, influence on the political, economic and social development, and so on. 优化就是在有限资源和技术条件的约束下，获得目标函数或性能指标的最大值————它是决策的根本目的，并且是工程设计的一种重要工具。在过去的30多年，大部分优化研究都获得了国家自然科学基金委员会STOR计划的资助，研究工作富有成效，并获得了大量的应用回报。 Optimization--determining how to get an objective function or performance index to its maximum within the limits of available resources and technology--is a fundamental goal of decision making and,research in optimization---a considerable fraction of which has been funded by STOP program of NSF--has been active and fruitful,with payoffs accumulating through a multitude of application. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/0218eea3d3d233d4b14e852458fb770bf78a3be6.html
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2023-02-21
