语法补充--动名词+反意疑问句

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动名词,疑问句,语法,补充

动名词

1．动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1）作主语。例如：Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：

admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续

例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：

admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself object to

to

stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in

3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：

Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：

a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池

有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：

boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点

a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机

2． worth 的用法

worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为"值得"。

1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"

常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth（someone’s）while doing

be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"

The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。 2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……" be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"

The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. 3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth "值得做某事"

It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。

典型例题

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while

答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。

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反意疑问句

1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如： I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？ 2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：

I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？

3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例

如：Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？

4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？ 5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。例如： We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？ 6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。例如： He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？ 7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如：

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？ 8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。例如：

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？ 9）陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如： You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？ 10）陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如： He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？ 11）感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如：

What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？

12）陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？

13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪，是吗？

14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？

b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？

c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从

句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：

I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？

We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？

15）陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

例如：Everyone knows the answer, don't they? （does he?）人人都知道答案，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?）没人知道这件事，是吧？

16）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如： She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？ 17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如： Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？ Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？

注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如：

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