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本次写作课主要内容一．四、六级作文的评分原则及标准 二．如何应对大学英语四、六级短文写作 四．历年四级真题作文选读 三．“过渡衔接词语”在大学英语四、六级短文写作中的“闪光点”作用 五．四、六级作文实用套语 (1) 评分原则： 一、四、六级作文评分原则及标准 四、六级作文题部分采用总体评分(Global Scoring)的原则——阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 (2) 具体评分标准： 四、六级作文试题满分为15分。阅卷标准分为五等：2分、5分、8分、11分、14分。 (3) 关于作文最低分的规定： 作文最低分的规定是1997年6月开始实施的，其具体含义是：如果写作部分不能及格，则四、六级考试不能通过。全国大学英语考试委员会这一规定的目的是为了突出写作在四、六级考试中的权重。记分方法如下： a. 作文及格分为6分； b. 作文分为0分，原计算分数即使高于60分，公布的成绩一律为59分； c. 作文分低于及格分(6分)时，公布的成绩以此计算公式得出： 原计算分数 - 6分(及格分数) + 作文实得分数 例：（原计算分数）62分-（及格分数）6分+（作文实得分数）3分=59分 d. 字数不足酌情扣分 字数 90~99 80~89 70~79 60~69 50~59 ＜49 扣分 1 2 3 5 7 9 （注：题目中给出的主题句、起始句、结束句、均不得计入所写字数。只写一段者，给0~4分；只写两段者，给0~9分——指规定的三段作文） （4）评分样卷及说明 Title: Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus Outline: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性； 2. 了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）； 3. 我打算怎么办？ 例文1： With the rapid development of our society, the campus is no longer an “Ivory Tower”. Students must get in touch with the world outside the campus so that they can adapt themselves to the society more quickly when they graduate. Almost all the students keep themselves informed by TV, radio broadcasts and newspapers. Some of them even take up a part-time job in their spare time. Working as tutors, serving in some fast-food restauants…All these have keep the students get in touch with the society. Now the summer vacation will come and I`ve already found myself a job----working as a typist in an office. I`ve learned typing for many years and I think I can do it well. It`s a good chance for me to get to know the society, to learn how to get along with my colleagues and to see how my knowledge is put into practise. When the next semester begings, I`ll still try to get this kind of little job. Regardless of the pay, I think the most important thing is that I can really know a lot about the society. 例文1为14分样题。切题。思想表达清楚，文字流畅，内容比较充实，基本上无语言错误。 例文2： It is important for the sttdents to know the world outside the campus. Now the society is developing quickly. We have to adapt us to the society. After graduating, we must find a job to support ourselves. And we must know what kind of people the society requires. To know the world outside the campus, we can read newspaper, watch TV and listen to the radio. We can also get to know the society through taking part in serving for the society. And we can exchange information with our classmates and friends. According to me, I will try my best to study well firstly. And then I plan to find a job in the Summer Holidays. I think I will be saleman or a clerk during the holidays. It will help me to know the world outside the campus. 例文2为11分样题。切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有个别语言错误。 例文3： University students must get to know the world outside the campus, because university students will step into the society at once. in another world, they will be faced to all kinds of social problems. and complex relationship between people in society. If we don`t know the world outside the campus before, we should not know how to do when we step into the society. Because students must focus his most attention on studying, in my opinion, we can get to know the world by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. First, watching TV is the main method. by watching TV. we can know what happened in the world imediately. Certainly, by other ways, such as newspaper, we can also know how the world runs. As a university students, certainly, I can get to know the world outside the campus. by ways above. Especially. I should find a part-time job in society. by such way. I can know the society better. So that in the future, I can adapt to the society well. 例文3为8分样题。切题。但有些地方思想表达得不够清楚，有较多语言错误和标点错误。 例文4： There is a phenomenon dabate now days on the problem of the college students getting out of the campus. Most people agree with it. They think that college students need know the knowledge not only from the books but also from the society. Then they will survive well and adapt for the society. There are sever methods knowing of the society. For one way, college students can read newspaper and watch TV every day. They may get the message more fast than ever. For another, they can do some part-time jobs and hear of citizen feeling. Still I think I`ll often know about the society. I`ll visity a factory in my city and write down a report in this summer holiday. I`ll have a part-time job to teach a child, and have a talk with her parents. I think they are very effective. Do you think so? 例文4为5分样题。基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重语法错误。 例文5： A collage student would not only studied hard for his conpression knowledge.but also get to know the world outside the campus. If you have a poor known of the world outside, You will never stand in the world sucessfulle. but how can I getting to know the wotld outside the campus? You could learn a lot of knowledge that learned in the college through the newspaper, the magerion the TV programms. and the radio. But the most importance way is the practices, only throug practiced you may see the trule world. If you think you need not getting to know the world outside the campus, you are wrong. Just do it with yours friends, you will find the world so complex and so intrustion. 例文5为2分样题。语言支离破碎，大部分句子有语病。全篇条理不清，思想混乱。 二、如何应对大学英语四、六级短文写作 短文写作是大学英语四级考试 (CET4) 的一个重要组成部分，是对学生综合语言能力的一种测试。从1997年6月起，大学英语四级考试正式实施了短文最低分(6分)，从而更进一步体现了短文写作的重要性。短文写作的分值占四级卷面总分（100分）的15%（即15分）。但是从历年大学英语四级统考的平均成绩来看，短文写作不尽人意，全国短文平均分数一直在6-8分间徘徊。短文写作是考生丢分较高的一项,也是广大考生最为担心的一项, 6分这一最低分的实施,实际上就是指： 若考生的短文写作成绩达不到6分,考生将不可能通过四级, 本文将从1.四级短文写作的词汇选用问题; 2.以何种句式书写短文；3.如何把握段落结构;即：从词汇、句式、段落------短文构成的三大基本要素等几个方面以实例的形式来加以分析和论述: 如何应对大学英语四级短文写作。望能对广大同仁及学生们有所帮助和启发。 一、四级短文写作的词汇选用问题 1、词汇的＂质＂与＂量＂： 如何选用短文写作的词汇问题, 实际上是指词汇的 “量”与“质”的问题。大家知道：词汇是写作的基本语言单位。要写一篇好的短文需要有相当数量的词汇作基础。参加四级考试的学生只要能够掌握大学英语教学大纲所规定的3600-4000个词汇，就足以能够按照要求写出短文，这便是四级短文所要求的词汇的“数量”。 然而，仅仅有了一定的词汇量，并不等于就能真正写好短文。从大量的卷面分析以及平时学生的写作练习来看，许多学生对所选用的词汇的“质”掌握得不好。即：不懂得词汇习得的“完备性”-----对常用词汇掌握不牢；不能正确拼写；选词不当；固定搭配混淆不清；运用词汇表达主题思想不够准确等等。为此，在这里告诫同学们，在平时的词汇学习中一定要注意词汇的“完备性”，切不可孤立地，残缺不全地，大概地记意常用的词汇；同时在短文写作过程中，要尽量使用简单明了，通俗易懂的表达方式；在选词上要多加思量，以常用词，惯用词组为核心，遵循英语的表达习惯，从而准确，恰当地表达短文的主题。 Nowdays thinked ourself themself The person who are…… succeed / fail be interested in / be fond of / be keen on ___ one thing …… ___ another ___ the one hand ….. ___ the other hand ___ the first place…… ___ the second / next place….. ___ the third place 2、如何选用词汇实现短文的＂完整性＂与＂连贯性＂： 短文写作的最终目的是实现短文的完整性与连贯性，那么，词汇的选用如何才能更好地服务于这一目的呢？ a.使用过度性连接词语达到连贯：短文写作时若能准确，恰当地运用连接词将是短文得分的＂闪光＂点。因为过度性词语将起着承上启下的作用，它的使用会使整篇短文浑然一体，较好地实现完整性与连惯性。试比较下面两例： b.重复使用关键词和短语达到连贯：关键词的重复出现可以把全段串联成一个整体，使文章语义流畅，主题突出，避免跑题，从而达到连贯的效果。例： People’s views on love and marriage come from their culture. In many cultures, people think that love and marriage go together. They think that love is a necessary foundation for marriage and that you should love the person you marry before you get married. In other cultures, however, a man and a woman may not even know each other before their wedding day. Romantic love is not essential to marriage in these cultures. These people expect that love will develop after the wedding if the marriage is a good one. c.利用同义词和代词的重复来实现短文的连贯：同义词和代词的重复使用有助于句子间的过度，把文章前后的意思有机地串在一起。例： Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining and many aspirin takers complain about upset stomach. Actually, there is a right way to take the medicine. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitterness. Some people suggest crushing the tablets in milk or orange juice and drinking that. 这段中的aspirin, medicine, tablet 是同义词,段尾的代词that也用来替代aspirin. Irritating和upset也是同义词。正是这些同义词和代词的使用，短文才具有了连贯性。 由此可见,词汇的选用不仅是＂量＂与＂质＂的问题,更重要的是它决定着短文的＂完整性＂与＂连贯性＂。 二、用什么样的句式书写短文： 句子是较完整和准确地表达思想进行交际的依托。好的短文中句子不仅要符合英语语法规范，语义完 How to Be Well Prepared for the Writing of CET Band Four 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/3ff6de4c5901020207409ca1.html
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2022-06-15
