英语词性后缀

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词性,英语,后缀

英语词性后缀

英语常用词性后缀

1.名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker debtor

2)—acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance diligence, difference, obedience

4-ancy, ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency efficiency 5)—bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility flexibility feasibility 6)—dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom wisdom

7)—hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)ion, sion -tion -ation, ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution conclusion, destruction expression correction

9-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality ability, calamity

11)ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment movement judgment, punishment, argument

12)ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness tiredness friendliness

13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship 14)th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth length, growth 15)—tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)

16-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure failure procedure(手续) 17grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy geography

18)—ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic mechanics, electronics linguistics 19)—ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)—nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy bionomy(生态学)

2.形容词后缀 1.-able

1v。+able→adj。 “可以(被)……的”、“适合于……的"、“值得……的”等,即有被动含义。 reliable(可以依靠的)drinkable(可以饮用的 eatable(可食用的) 2n.+able→adj. “具有……特点的”

valuable(有价值的)reasonable( 有道理的),comfortable(舒适的) 2.-ible terrible horrible, invisible, possible 3.-al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。 actual general international, medical mental, moral natural official, several, special, usual 4an /ian 加国名、地名后American, African Asian Australian Canadian, Indian, Italian

ese / Chinese Japanese.

6.-ant “……性的”。“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀. instantinstance),distant(distance,importantimportancebrilliantbrilliancy),constantconstancypleasant

7.-ent “-ent”与“-ant"非常相似。

absentabsencedifferent(differenceexcelle nt(excellencepatientpatience),present(presence).

8.-ar / popular particular regular

9.-ary / contrary necessary ordinary primary, revolutionary

10.-ed过去分词,被动含义/connected, discouraged, disappointed engaged exc ited interested limited married, pleased, tired united, used(习惯的)worried, wounded


英语词性后缀

“-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made, water-covered

“-ed"还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted, warmblooded three-legged 11.-en

1)“-en”跟在物质名词之后,表示“材料”或“质地”/ wooden, golden earthen

(2)“-en”加在不规则动词之后(实为动词过去分词)/ spoken written stricken, mistaken 12.-ern “……(方位)的”/ eastern, southern western northern -ward “向……(方向)的”、“来自……(方向)的"

eastward, southward forward backward, inward, outward upward downward 【注】这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“-wards"时,派生词必然是副词。 14.-ful 这一后缀有两种情况:

1)名词之后表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”

beautiful colorful, helpful, powerful, successful, useful wonderful 2)动词之后, “易于……的”/ forgetful

15.-ic / Atlantic electric arctic historic pacific, plastic public scientific 16.-ical表示/与……有关的/ physical political practical, technical 【注】请比较an electric light(电灯)electrical engineering(电气工程)

historic意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史的”.

以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词 则往往是pacifically, scientifically

17.-ing / dying, exciting, inspiring, interesting, freezing, living 18.-ish “……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的” English British foolish, feverish

19.-ist “……主义的” / communist imperialist Marxist socialist 20.-ive “……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的” native active passive, attentive expensive

21.-less表否定/ fearless harmless, useless, helpless careless 22.-ly “-ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二:

1)“像……的”、“有……性质的"/ friendly, lively lovely lonely, orderly (2)“以……为周期的”、“每……的”/ hourly daily weekly monthly yearly 【注】如是形容词之后加“-ly",则构成副词。上述(2)中的形容词亦可用作副词。 23.-(i)ous “充满……的”、“具有……特征的"

curious famous dangerous, obvious poisonous, serious various

24.-some “使人……的”、“易于……的"/ handsome troublesome ,tiresome

25.-y / funny, lucky shabby snowy thirsty, windy, sunny, rainy, cloudy, dirty dusty



3。动词后缀

1)ize ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)—en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken weaken soften harden

3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify purify, intensify signify, simplify 4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish, abolish diminish, establish

5-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate operate, indicate

4.副词后缀

(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE:clock→clockwise(a./adv。)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地 wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地


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