【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《【TEDed】加缪：生命的意义中英对照稿》，欢迎阅读！
Albert Camus grew up surrounded by violence . His homeland of Algeria was mired in conflict between native Algerians and colonizing French Europeans. 加缪在暴力的环境中成长，他的家乡阿尔及利亚深陷在本地阿尔及利亚人语法国欧洲殖民者之间的冲突中。 He lost his father in the First World War, and was deemed unfit to fight in the second. Battling tuberculosis in France and confronting the war’s devastation as a resistance journalist, Camus grew despondent. 他在一次大战中失去了父亲，在二次大战中又被认为不适合作战.加缪在法国对抗结核病，并以反抗军记者的身份面对战争的蹂躏,这些事让他越来越沮丧 He lost his father in the First World War, and was deemed unfit to fight in the second. Battling tuberculosis in France and confronting the war’s devastation as a resistance journalist, Camus grew despondent. 他无法在这无止境的杀戮和苦难背后找到任何意义。他问：如果世界没有意义，我们个人的生命还会有价值吗？ Many of Camus’ contemporaries were exploring similar questions under the banner of a new philosophy called existentialism. 许多和加缪同时代的人都在”存在主义”,这个新哲学的旗号下探究类似的问题。 Existentialists believed people were born as blank slates, each responsible for creating their life’s meaning amidst a chaotic world 存在主义者相信，人在出生时是一张白纸，每个人都要负责在这混乱的世界中，为你自己的人生创造出意义。 Existentialists believed people were born as blank slates, each responsible for creating their life’s meaning amidst a chaotic world 但加缪不认同这个学派的思想.他主张所有人在出生时都有共同的人类天性，让大家结合在一起，朝共同目标迈进。 One such goal was to seek out meaning despite the world’s arbitrary cruelty. Camus viewed humanity’s desire for meaning and the universe’s silent indifference as two incompatible puzzle pieces, and considered trying to fit them together to be fundamentally absurd 其中一个目标，就是即便世界有着无常的残酷，也要去寻找意义。加缪认为人类对于意义的渴望以及宇宙沉默的冷漠是两片不相容的拼图，硬把他们拼在一起是很荒谬的事情。 This tension became the heart of Camus’ Philosophy of the Absurd, which argued that life is inherently futile. Exploring how to live without meaning became the guiding question behind Camus’ early work. Which he called his “cycle of the absurd”. 这种张力成了加缪“荒谬哲学”的核心,他的哲学主张是人在本质上就是微不足道。探究没有意义时要如何活下去成了加缪早期作品背后的导引问题，他将这些问题称为他的“荒谬的循环。” The star of his cycle”, and Camus’ first published novel, offers a rather bleak response. “The Stranger” follows Meursault, an emotionally detached young man who doesn’t attribute much meaning to anything. 这个循环的明星，也是加缪出版的第一本小说，提供的是很无望的回应。《异乡人》的主人公是莫梭，他是个情绪疏离的年轻人，在他眼中凡事都没有什么意义。 He doesn’t cry at his mother’s funeral, he supports his neighbor’s scheme to humiliate a woman, he even commits a violent crime-but Meursault feels no remorse. 他在母亲的葬礼上没有哭泣他支持邻居去羞辱一位女子，他甚至犯下暴力的罪行—但是莫梭都没有感到后悔。 For him the world is pointless and moral judgement has no place in it. This attitude creates hostility between Meursault and the orderly society he inhabits, slowly increasing his alienation until the novel’s explosive climax. 对他而言，世界没有意义道德判断在世界上也没有容身之处。这种态度让莫梭和他所处井然有序的社会之间产生了敌意，让他越来越疏远，直到小说极具爆发力的高潮。 Unlike his spurned protagonist, Camus was celebrated for his honest philosophy. “The Stranger" catapulted him to fame, and Camus continued producing works that explored the value of life amidst absurdity. Many of which circled back to the same philosophical question: if life is truly meaningless, is committing suicide the only rational response? 加缪的主人公受到唾弃，加缪却因为诚实的哲学而受到赞扬。《异乡人》让加缪快速成名，他继续不断产出作品，在荒谬中探索生命的价值。这些作品中，有许多都绕回到同样的哲学问题：人生真的无意义吗？自杀是唯一理性的回应吗？ Camus’ answer was an emphatic “no.” There may not be any explanation for unjust world, but choosing to live regardless is the deepest expression of our genuine freedom. 加缪果断地回答“不是”。虽然可能没有办法解释这个不公平的世界，但尽管如此仍然选择活下去，就是将真实自由的最深刻的表现。 Camus explains this in one if his most famous essays which centers on the Greek myth of Sisyphus. Sisyphus was a king who cheated the gods, and was condemned to endlessly roll a boulder up a hill. 加缪借着希腊神话中西西弗斯的故事在他一篇知名短文中解释了这一点。西西弗斯是欺骗了众神的国王，他受罚要永无止境地将大石头滚上山丘。 The cruelty of his punishment lies in its singular futility, but Campus argues all of humanity is in the same position. And only when we accept the meaninglessness of our lives can we face absurd with our heads held high. 他受到的惩罚的残酷之处，在于怎么做都是徒劳，但加缪主张全人类都身在这个处境中。唯有接受人生是无意义的，我们才有可能抬头挺胸去面对荒谬。 As Camus says, when the king choose to begins his relentless task once more, ”One must imagine Sisyphus happy ”Camus’ contemporaries weren’t so accepting of futility .Many existentialists advocated for violent revolution, to upend systems they believed were depriving people of agency and purpose. 如加缪所言，当国王选择再重新开始一次那没完没了的任务时，“我们必须要想象西西弗斯是快乐的”。加缪那个时代的人，并不那么愿意接受徒劳。许多存在主义者提倡推动暴力的革命，推翻那些被他们认为在剥夺人的动力及目的的体制。 Camus responded with his second set of work: the cycle of revolt. In “The Rebel”, he explored rebellion as a creative act, rather than a destructive one. Camus believed that inverting power dynamics only led to an endless cycle of violence. 加缪用他的第二系列作品作为回应：反抗的循环。在《反抗者》中，他把反抗，当做是一种创意举动来探究，而不是毁灭性的举动。加缪相信，翻转权利的动态，只会导致无尽的暴力循环。 Instead, the way to avoid needless bloodshed is to establish a public understanding of our shared human nature. Ironically, it was this cycle of relatively peaceful ideas that triggered his fallout with many fellow writers and philosophers. 反之，若要避免不必要的杀戮，要做的是让公众了解，大家共有的人类天性。讽刺的是，正是这个相对显得和平的想法所形成的循环，让他和许多作家及哲学家伙伴失和。 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/6eadd55a753231126edb6f1aff00bed5b9f373e4.html
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2023-03-20
