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六大英语时态 一、一般现在时：（1）经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态 Eg: I go to school on foot. (2) 主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等 Eg: I like watching TV. (3) 客观真理 Eg: The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”。 有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前。 一般现在时的句式变化可分为两种情况： 1一般人称做主语，○表示动作变否定句时，须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句时，须在句首加助动词do. Eg: 肯定句They have lunch at 12. 否定句:They don’t have lunch at 12. 一般疑问句: Do they have lunch at 12. 2第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词变单三；变否定句时，须在动词前加助动词doesn’t; 变一般疑问句时，须在句首○加助动词does Eg: He does morning exercises.→He doesn’t do morning exercises.→Does he often go to school on foot? 一般现在时的时间状语有on Saturdays, in the morning(afternoon, evening),every day, at weekend, how often及一些频率副词often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never 等。 动词变单三规则1. 一般情况下，在动词后直接加-s Eg: works, gets, says, reads 2. 以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾，加-es Eg: goes, teaches, washes, does 3. 以“辅音+y” 结尾，变y为i，再加-es Eg: fly-flies, study-studies 4. 不规则变化 have-has 二、一般过去时:表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 （1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态 Eg: He was a worker two years ago. (2) 过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作 Eg: When I was a student, I often played with my classmates. (3)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时 Eg: Lu Xun was a great writer. (4) 有些发生时间不是很清楚（未明确表述）的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态 Eg: What did you say? 一般过去时的结构是“主语+动词的过去式”。Be动词的过去式为was和were;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不2以e结尾的动词只规则变化两种。其中规则变化有以下几种情况:直接在动词原形末尾加-ed, Eg: work—worked ○3末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed， Eg: shop –加-d Eg: arrive-arrived ○4以“辅音+y”结尾的动词，先把y变成i, 再加-ed, Eg : study—studied ○5 有些动词变过去式是不规则的，shopped○ 1含有be动词的依然在be上做文章。其句式变化分为两种情况：○ Eg: He was a teacher.→ He wasn’t a teacher.2行为动词的否定形式是在其前加助动词didn’t, 同时把动词变成原形；在一般疑问句中，在→ Was he a teacher? ○句首加助动词did，同时把动词变成原形。 Eg: I went to school yesterday.→ I didn’t go to school yesterday. → Did you go to school yesterday? 一般过去时的时间状语有以下几种类型： （1） yesterday型。 Eg: yesterday morning, yesterday’s party, the day before yesterday 等。 （2） last型。 Eg: last week, last month, last year 等。 （3） ago型。 Eg: three days ago, two years ago 等。 （4） in+过去时间。 Eg: in 1999, in the morning 等。 （5） 上下文暗示或其他一些特殊的时间状语。 Eg: -- What did he say? -- He said he would fly to Beijing. 三、一般将来时: 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。 Eg: He will be here next week. 一般将来时的结构有以下几种： （1） will + 动词原形（will可以用于任何人称）。需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时，will 可以换成shall,特别是在以I 或 we 作主语的问句中，一般用shall。 Eg: Shall we go boating? （2） be going to + 动词原形 （3） 现在进行时也可表示将来 Eg: The bus is coming. 第一种结构的句式变化是：变否定句在will后边加not; 变一般疑问句把will 提前。 Eg: We will get to Shanghai in three days. →We will not get to Shanghai in three days. →Will you get to Shanghai in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章。 Eg: They are going to have a party. → They are not going to have a party. → Are they going to have a party? 一般将来时的时间状语有以下几种类型： （1）this型。 Eg : this year, this afternoon, this week等 （2）tomorrow型。 Eg : tomorrow morning, tomorrow’s meeting, the day after tomorrow等 (3) next 型。 Eg : next month, next week等 （4）in + 一段时间 。Eg: in a year, in a week, in an hour等 （5） 上下文暗示型。 （6）表示将来时的特殊时间状语。 Eg: from now on, in the future等。 四、现在进行时： (1) 现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻” Eg: He is reading now. (2) 当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 Eg: They are working these days. (3) 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作 Eg: I am coming. 句式变化: 变否定句在be动词后加not, 变一般疑问句把be动词提前 Eg : She is cleaning the room. → She isn’t cleaning the room. → Is she cleaning the room? “be+现在分词”结构中现在分词的变化规则为: (1) 一般在动词词尾加上-ing. Eg: jump—jumping (2) 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing. Eg: write –writing (3) 以重读闭音节(只有一个元音，元音后只有一个辅音)结尾的词，双写结尾字母，再加-ing. Eg: sit—sitting 现在进行时的时间状语，可归纳为以下几种类型： (1) now 型。 Eg: now, right now, at this moment, at present等 (2) 感叹号型。 Eg: Look! Listen! Be quiet! 等 (3) 上下文暗示型。 Eg: --What is she doing in the park? -- She is watering the flowers. 五、现在完成时表示: (1) 过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果（即它的“完成用法”） Eg : We have just cleaned the classroom. (2) 过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态(即它的“未完成用法”)。注意：此时动词可能还要继续 常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词 for+ 时间段 Eg: I lived here for about ten years. since + 时间点 Eg: We have been very busy since 5 years ago. since + 从句(一般过去时) Eg: I have learnt English since I was 5 years old. 短暂性动词变延续性动词，短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间状语连用 begin(start)→be on go there→be there come back→be back come here→be here open→be open close→be closed die→be dead marry→be married finish→be over go to bed → be in bed leave→be away return→be back get out→be out fall asleep→be asleep lose→be lost fall ill→be ill borrow→keep put on→wear/be on become→be get to know→know buy→have(own) receive→have catch a cold→have a cold go to sleep→sleep Eg: He has bought the computer for two years.(误) → He has had the computer for two years. 现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需另记。 它的否定句是在have/has 后加not ，变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。 Eg: I have bought a computer. → I have not bought a computer. → Have you bought a computer? 现在完成时的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。” 六、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可从以下两个方面来理解： （1） 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 Eg: They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning. （2） 过去某阶段持续进行的动作。 Eg: We were reading books during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时 Eg: Jenny was reading while Danny was writing. 过去进行时结构是be动词的过去形式was/were+v-ing, 其句式变化仍然要体现在be上。 Eg: We were having an English lesson in class. → We weren’t having an English lesson in class. →Were you having an English lesson in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用。如at four o’clock last night, at that time, just then, at noon yesterday, this time last Sunday, that time yesterday等。 Eg: What were you doing at nine last night? 有时也没有明显的时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定是否用过去进行时。 Eg: The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/7a181448bb4ae45c3b3567ec102de2bd9605de66.html
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2023-03-31
