【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《中国城记-南京古城 六朝古都》，欢迎阅读！
中国城记:南京古城 六朝古都 Time and again throughout the long history of China the southern city of Nanjing has held the position not only as the political capital but also as the cultural center. Often overshadowed by the tragic events of the previous 100 years, the beauty and wonder of Nanjing is reflected in the sparkling Qinhuai River as it flows through this great city. Beginning over 2,500 years ago and with the ebb and flow of dynastic shifts, reaching an apex in the Ming Dynasty, the city has carved its history into the banks of the Qinhuai River. 在中国历史上，南京几度成为政治和文化中心。从过去100年前后到新中国成立，各种悲剧的上演为南京蒙上了阴影。然而，无论今天还是在数千年的历史里，这都是一座美丽而充满奇迹的城市，你可以通过秦淮河这一历史文化名河窥见一斑。 南京建城史绵延2000多年，公元前472年，越王在秦淮河边的雨花台下筑越城，公元229年，东吴在此建都，史称建业。而后历经沧海桑田、朝代更替，东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐，乃至明代早期皆建都于此，南京总是江南繁华之地，秦淮河两岸金粉楼台，鳞次栉比，而河中画舫凌波，浆声灯影，至明朝时则达到全盛。而后，太平天国、中华民国定都南京。南京的历史是一部中华文明史，秦淮河成为这一历史的珠链。南京的文明则亦起源于秦淮河畔。 The early history of Nanjing as a seat of great importance dates back to the Warring States Period, around 400 BC. Large collections of tribal families and warriors sought, gained and lost governing seats time and time again through a relatively short period, Nanjing would often be chosen as the capital for its geographical position and rich resources. As the city sits at the point where the smaller Qinhuai River meets the mighty Yangtze River, maintaining a station of power was paramount for those who wanted to maintain their rule over the land. 南京早期的历史奠定了南京的重要地位，这可以追溯到5000年前。与河姆渡文化同期，南京秦淮河畔的湖熟镇，创造了新石器时代的“湖熟文化”，是长江中下游地区的文化发源地。大约公元前500年至公元前200年间的战国时期，南京由于其地理位置和丰富的资源，成为群雄逐鹿、兵家必争的地方。大批部落群体和勇士相互斗争，政权不断获得而后丧失。但南京的历史在争斗中建立，南京的文明在争斗中获得进步和发展。对于座落在蜿蜒秦淮河与广阔长江交界处的这片胜地，是想成就霸业、巩固其领土统治权的人们梦寐以求的。 From the period of 220 AD – 589 AD, now called the Six Dynasties period, many of the cultural foundations that have formed Chinese society came into being. Specifically in Nanjing, silk production and other craft arts were beginning to be produced in abundance. Nanjing scholars such as Wang Xizhi and Gu Kaizhi were laying the foundations for the unique style of Chinese paintings and calligraphy. Stories from the countryside talk about the legend of great hunters selecting rabbit fur as the pre-eminent choice for fine calligraphy brushes, the first and finest being from Nanjing. 从公元229年至589年，先后有六个汉族政权在南京建都，史学家称为六朝时期。那时，众多的经济、文化基础的建立，促成了后来中国社会的发展。特别是，丝绸生产和其他一些工艺产品开始大量涌现，使南京被誉为“衣履冠带天下”。那时活动于南京一带的学者，如王羲之和顾恺之，为中国独特的书法和绘画技艺奠定了基础。据说，许多人精心选用兔毛做毛笔，最早是起源于南京。至元、明朝代，南京一带大量涌现出以山羊毛制作的羊毫笔，其在表达中华书法、绘画的特殊韵味上，拥有着与众不同的魅力。 Confucian thought opened up people’s minds not only to this philosophy but also to Buddhism and Taoism, both of which would set down long lasting roots in Nanjing. The site of hundreds of temples of worship being built inspired many scholars to turn away from the battles and conflicts that were being fought all over China and look inward to create poetry, prose and literary works that have become classics. “以和为贵、仁者爱人”的儒家思想是博爱南京的最早启蒙，这也是孔子学秦淮河畔，有保存完好的旧时码头说的核心理想。孔子学说对当时的南京文明是巨大的促进，同时，也影响了日后的佛家和道家学说。这后来的两种学派都在南京生根发展。这里数百座供人们参拜的寺庙，弥漫着浓厚的祥云瑞气，感化了许多好战之士脱身于争权夺利的战火和冲突中，而不断地自责反省；同时，也激励了许多学者创作出诗歌、散文和其他文学作品，成为了传世经典。 The literature created at that time was a unique mix of both poetry and long form writing or prose. Two of the prime examples are from the scholar Liu Xie and his text Wenxin Diaolong or The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons and Xiao Tong with his text Wenxuan. These writings are an early form of literary criticism where the philosophical ideas and use of words furthered the idea of creative writing in early China. Inspired by this air of discussion perhaps, scholars began to develop the basis for the four tones that serve as the basis for the modern Chinese language. 那时创造出的文学作品有着独特的风格，可以说，“丽而不浮，典而不野”。除意境优美的诗歌和散文外，还出现了针砭时事和文风的随笔和评述，这两种典范分别来自刘勰的著作《文心雕龙》和萧统的《文选》，这些作品是文学批评的早期形式。那时的哲学思想和遣词造句，促进了早期中国文人创造性地写作。在这些讨论氛围的影响下，学者们创造出了近代中国语言中阴平、阳平、上声和去声这四声调的基础读法，让“汲来江水煮新茗；买尽青山作画屏”这样的诗句，朗诵起来更富节奏和韵致。 Unfortunately, as so often has happened in the long history of Nanjing, the power struggles that have made up the equally long history of China 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/8298130126fff705cd170a8f.html
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2022-12-31
