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BArtificial Intelligence Programs. 2015职称英语理工类B级押题 孙伟 必考题 CToday’s Robots and How They Function. DModern-Day Sensors. Real World Robots 2．Artificial intelligence is When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human Athe unnatural way in which robots move. being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to Ba voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks. your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us Csensors such as antennae and a gyroscope. Da computer program that imitates human intellectual imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not processes. humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or 3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s Amore humanlike in behavior and actions. robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one Bmore like automatic machines. task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with Cbetter able to move on inclines. Dbetter equipped with laser light sensors. varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot 4．The writer begins the passage by comparing contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, Athe shape of a human being with a box. drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. Ba modem robot with a fictional robot. Can imaginary machine with a human. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple Da computer program with artificial intelligence. reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty 5．The word humanoid means remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from Alacking human characteristics. place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination Banything having the appearance of a humanoid. with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, Cbeing void or vacant. a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached Dhaving a human form or characteristics. 答案与题解： to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the C 从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope 1．or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To 方式，因此选择C选项。 2．D Artificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light 思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the 种类似人类智能的计算机程序。 A 最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects 3．己判断并修正行为，而不仅 or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use 仅是完成重复性的工作。 4．B 文章开头的时候作者让of artificial-intelligence programs. 读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。 5．D 从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。 Lightening Strikes Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1____ The door was blocked by 练习： 1．Another good title for this passage would be ARobots: Taking the Place of Humans. rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible. Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2____ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works. ____3____ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear 练习： lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in ANo wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father America has manufactured a hand-held of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger. lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms BIn fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s to be during a thunderstorm. approach. CLightning has long been hailed as one of the most Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she impressive displays of nature’s power. was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped DWhen I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands EOccasionally there are warning signs. and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time，she FSince then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ____4____ The best bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the place to be is inside a car! cold. The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at 答案与题解： one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a 1．D 前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most 后醒来之后的事，D项符合。 extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the 2．A 前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns 一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and 产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。 around the soles of their feet. 3．E 后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, 产品可以预告闪电。此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently 电到来之前会有一些征兆。 unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the 4．B 前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. 讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句____5____ 子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。 Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows 5．F 前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，Fand sheep are killed every year, largely because they go 选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求。 under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/8c1a6c31a8956bec0875e352.html
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2022-12-16
