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论美欧职业体育的多赛制特征以及影响 中文 本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法以及数理统计法等科研方法,对美国四个职业联赛和欧洲五大足球联赛的年度竞赛周期以及竞赛类型、竞赛方法、竞赛结构以及多赛制特征进行深入的分析研究,同时对职业体育多赛制对社会和运动训练发展方式的影响进行研究.总结出美国四大职业联赛和欧洲五大足球联赛年度竞赛期的特点,选择竞赛种类的力式,主要竞赛结构特征以及整个竞赛期具体多赛制特征,阐述职业体育多赛制特征下,对社会和运动训练方式的影响,得出以下论文结论：(1)美国四大职业联赛多赛制特征是:美国职业篮球和冰球联赛的年度竞赛期都为8个月,橄榄球和棒球的联赛竞赛期为6个月；竞赛类型主要有夏季联赛、季前赛、常规赛、季后赛和总决赛,竞赛方法足在常规赛主客场制,根据战绩决定排名,美国职业篮球在季后赛和总决赛中采用7场4胜制的淘赛制,以获得总冠军为最终目标;美国职业篮球和冰球联赛平均2天1场比赛,橄揽球平均7天一场比赛,棒球儿乎每天都有比赛。(2)欧洲五大足球联赛赛制特征是：年度竞赛期长达9个月,竞赛类型主要有各国的联赛和杯赛、欧洲冠军联赛和欧足联欧洲联赛；竞赛方法是在各国的联赛中主要采用双循环的主客场积分制和升降制,在各国杯赛、欧洲冠军联赛以及欧足联欧洲联赛主要采用的竞赛方法是资格赛、小组赛和淘汰赛进行比赛：竞赛结构主要是最好获得各自国家联赛和杯赛冠军、欧洲冠军联赛www.wmlunwen.com冠军以及欧足联赛冠军为主要口标：获得各国杯赛和联赛、欧洲冠军联赛冠军的球队要进行约60场比赛,平均5天1场比赛。(3)中国职业篮球联赛赛制特征是：年度竞赛期为5个月,与美国职业篮球联赛8个月的竞赛期相比较短;竞赛类型主要有季前赛、常规赛、季后赛和总决赛,与美国职业篮球联赛相比,夏季联赛和季前后还没有形成统一的比赛方式;在常规赛和季后赛中分别采用主客场制和淘汰制,竞赛结构主要是以最终获得联赛冠军为目标,竞赛方法与竞赛结构与美国职业篮球联赛相同；中国职业篮球联赛的比赛主要安排在星期三、五和日，平均3天1场比赛。(4)职业体育多赛制对社会和传统训练理论及方法的影响主要表现为：职业体育中财富的积累成为向发展中国家积极输出的又一项重要文化产业：传统的周期训练理论不能适应新的参赛机制，要使训练能够与比赛紧密结合,能够积极为比赛服务,要建立复合型科学训练团队,建立标准化和集成化的运动训练方式。 译文 In this paper, literature, expert interview.s, logical analysis and mathematical statistics and other research methods, the four U.S. professional league and five major European soccer leagues year competition cycle and race types, race ways, competition structure and multi-game system features in-depth analysis, while more competition system for professional sports and exereise training on the social impact of the development of methods to study, summed up the four major U.S. professional league and five major European soccer leagues year competition period features, choose type of compelition the way, the main competition structure specific characteristics, and more competition throughout the contest period of the system features described characteristics of professional sports and more competition system, the way society and the impact of exercise training, the following conclusions:(1) multi-game system characteristics of the four major U.S. professional league: American professional basketball and ice hockey league annual contest of eight months, football and baseball Tournament of6; contest the main types of summer league season game, regular season, playoffs and finals competition method in the regular season home and away, ranked American professional basketball in the playoffs and finals using a system of seven games4wins the Amoy game system, according to the record of the decision championship as the ultimate goal; the average American professional basketball and ice hockey league two days of games, the football an average of7days game, baseball almost every day of the game.(2) characteristics of the five major European football league system: annual competition of up to nine months, the contest main types of national league and cup, Champions League and UEFA Europa League; competition method is used mainly in the national league double loop integral system for home and away and lift system, in countries Cup, Champions League and UEFA race qualifying group and lnockout competitions; competition structure is best for their respective national league and Cup champions, European Champions League and UEFA Champions; national cup and league teams fight for the European Champions League is about60games, an average of five days a game.(3) characteristics of the Chinese professional basketball league system are:the annual contest for a period of five months, and compared to the U.S. professional basketball league, eight-month contest period is shorter; contest type preseason, regular season, playoffs and the total finals, compared with U.S. professional basketball league, summer league and the season before and after have not yet formed a unified style of play; in the regular season and playoff home and away and out of the system, the competition structure is mainly based on the final league title objectives, competitive methods and structure of competition with the U.S. professional basketball league the same; Chinese professional basketball league game scheduled for Wednesday, Friday and Sunday, an average of three days of games.(4) The major impact of professional sports competition system of (?) and traditional training methods and theory:the accumulation of weaith in the professional sports is a positive output to developing countries and an important cultural industry; adapt to the new cycle training theory the mechanism of entry to training and competition to closely integrate active for the game, you need to build complex scientific training team sports training methods to achieve standardization and integration. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/9906e4c19ec3d5bbfd0a740f.html
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2023-01-31
