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《战争与和平》 Newsweek in 2009 ranked it top of its list of Top 100 Books. Tolstoy himself, somewhat enigmatically, said of War and Peace that it was "not a novel, even less is it a poem, and still less an historical chronicle." Crafting the novel War and Peace is famously long for a novel, though not the longest, and it is subdivided into four books or volumes, each with subparts containing many chapters. He began writing War and Peace in the year that he finally married and settled down at his country estate. Tolstoy developed his own views of history and the role of the individual within it. The novel can be generally classified as historical fiction. It contains elements present in many types of popular 18th and 19th century literature, especially the romance novel. War and Peace attains its literary status by transcending genres. Tolstoy was instrumental in bringing a new kind of consciousness to the novel. His narrative structure is noted for its "god-like" ability to hover over and within events, but also in the way it swiftly and seamlessly portrayed a particular character's point of view. Isaac Babel said, after reading War and Peace, "If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy." Tolstoy "gives us a unique combination of the 'naive objectivity' of the oral narrator with the interest in detail characteristic of realism. This is the reason for our trust in his presentation." Background and historical context and Plot summary War and Peace tells the story of five aristocratic families — the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs, the Kuragins and the Drubetskoys—and the entanglements of their personal lives with the history of 1805–1813, principally Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812. The Bezukhovs, while very rich, are a fragmented family as the old Count, Kirill Vladimirovich, has fathered dozens of illegitimate sons. The Bolkonskys are an old established and wealthy family based at Bald Hills. Old Prince Bolkonsky, Nikolai Andreevich, served as a general under Catherine the Great, in earlier wars. The Moscow Rostovs have many estates, but never enough cash. They are a closely knit, loving family who live for the moment regardless of their financial situation. The Kuragin family has three children, who are all of questionable character. The Drubetskoy family is of impoverished nobility, and consists of an elderly mother and her only son, Boris, whom she wishes to push up the career ladder. Tolstoy spent years researching and rewriting the book. He worked from primary source materials (interviews and other documents), as well as from history books, philosophy texts and other historical novels. Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first-hand accounts of how the Russian army was structured. The standard Russian text of War and Peace is divided into four books (fifteen parts) and an epilogue in two parts – one mainly narrative, the other thematic. The first part of the epilogue begins with the wedding of Pierre and Natasha in 1813. It is the last happy event for the Rostov family, which is undergoing a transition. Count Rostov dies soon after, As in all good marriages, there are misunderstandings, but the couples–Pierre and Natasha, Nikolai and Maria–remain devoted to their spouses. The second part of the epilogue contains Tolstoy's critique of all existing forms of mainstream history. He attempts to show that there is a great force behind history, which he first terms divine. He offers the entire book as evidence of this force, and critiques his own work. God, therefore, becomes the word Tolstoy uses to refer to all the forces that produce history, taken together and operating behind the scenes. 摘抄 War and Peace「战争与和平」 Generally, war is repugnant, but peace is welcome. While peace is the ultimate goal of all of our undertaking in this world, war has been inevitable in the course of human civilization. Does man have an innate taste for war? Or is it just an acquired scheme learned from human society? We only know that there hasn't been any period in the history during which the world was really at peace. Human beings pursue peace and prosperity through the establishment of families, communities, and nations. Why should we let all these be destroyed by wars? To reduce the possibility of war to the lowest extent, I have two suggestions. First of all, education should be consolidated to eliminate the brutality and beastliness in human nature. Knowledge derives from education and is a surer road to wisdom. Wisdom enables us to distinguish right from wrong. I also teaches us restraint and tolerance, two effective means of preventing wayward killing and destruction. Another cure is religion. Most religions in the world advocate philanthropism and forgiveness, which dissolve hatred and revenge. Consequently, education and religion working side by side can transform a barbarian into a civilized person. With wisdom and love, the human race as a whole will detest war and embrace peace. 一般而言，战争令人憎恶而和平受人欢迎，虽然和平是吾人在世界上一切作为的终极目标，战争在人类文明的过程中，始终无法避免。人类是天生喜好战争，还是后天在人类社会中习得技俩？我们只知道，在历史上从来没有一段时期世界是真正处于和平状态。人类透过家庭、社会，以及国家的建构来追求和平与繁荣，又怎么能让这一切被战争所摧毁呢？ 要将战争的可能性降至最低程度，个人有两点建议。首先，必须落实教育，以去除人性中的残酷与兽性；知识源于教育，同时也是通往智能较稳当的一条路。智能使吾人明辨是非，亦教导吾人自制与容忍，自制与容忍乃防止任意杀戮和破坏的两条有效途径。另一帖良方是宗教；世界上大部分的宗教主张博爱与宽恕，而博爱与宽恕可化解仇恨和报复。因此，教育和宗教相辅相成，能够将野蛮人蜕变为文明人。有了智能和爱，全体人类定当厌恶战争、拥抱和平 读后感 If we say that when I was holding "War and Peace" This book is, with respect mood , then, when I read "War and Peace" this book, I heart it can not be quiet for a long time. Because, before that, on the Russian writer Lev? Tolstoy "War and Peace", I have heard a lot of that today, when I complete the study of "War and Peace" after the novel of the novel and its author had a deeper understand . "War and Peace" by Paul, Bezuhov, Rostov, Huaxi in the four noble family in the years of war and peace life for plot clues, vividly demonstrated from 1805 to 1820 inter - Russia Austrian coalition with the French army in Austerlitz battle, the French invasion of Russia, Moscow fire rout the army of Napoleon and a series of important historical events, showing the soldiers patriotism and heroism spirit, extolling the spirit of the Russian people and the people of enemy forces a great victory. Spectacular scenes, structural clarity, with a strong sense of the times. Experience the deepest is that the novel is very vivid characters, rich character. Andrew personality as introverted, strong-willed, strong social activities; Pierreemotional, lack of practical activities, more emphasis on moral ideals pursuit; heroine Natasha is Emotion is a rich, vibrant, loving nature, closer to the people, with national temperament a woman. They defend the homeland, war has been tempered and the growth of the main characters in the image of these have a higher recognize the value and aesthetic value. By Kula payments on behalf of court nobles greed, hypocrisy and degradation personality, has been portrayed by the naked, and carried out a ruthless whipping. I think, "War and Peace" This novels, for me, though a bit esoteric but fresh, but through this study, I do the world's masterpiece of the initial understanding and the desire to learn。 参考资料 1，战争与和平 中英对照 2，http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/261725194.html 3，战争与和平(俄罗斯帝国公元1696-1917)/生活在遥远的年代(In the Time of War and Peace) 4，青少中心->名师讲堂->《战争与和平》英文读后感 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/9927341f866fb84ae45c8d5e.html
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2023-01-09
