常用前缀后缀

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前缀,后缀,常用



常用前缀后缀

.表示否定的前缀

1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。

disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前

incorrect(不正确的)inability(无能,无力)inaccurate(不准确的) 3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前

impossible(不顺能的)impolite(不礼貌的)impudence(厚颜无耻) 4.il-加在以1开头的词前

illegal(非法的)illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的) 5.ir-加在以r开头的词前

irregular(不稳定的)irresistable(不可抵抗的)irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前

unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) 7.non-加在形容词,名词前

non-existence(不存在)non-essential(不主要的)non-electrical(非电的) 8.mis-加在动词、名词之前

misunderstand(误解)misjudge(误判)misleading(误导)misfortune(不幸) 9.de-加在名词,形容词之前

demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 10.anti-加在名词、形容词之前

anti-Japanese(抗日战争)anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的)antidite(解毒药) 11.counter-加在名词、动词前

counterattack(反攻,反击)counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)

.表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre-

preconception(成见)pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的)pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) 2.ante-

anteroom(前室,接待室)antecessor(先行者,先驱者) 3.fore-

forehaed(前额)foreground(前景)foreman(工头,领班)foresee(预见,先见)foretell(预言) 4.pro-

programme(计划)prologue(序幕) 5.ex-

ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)

.表示“后-post”的前缀 1.post-

post-war(战后)post-position(后置词)postmeridian(下午) .表示“低”“下”的前缀 1.hypo-

hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪)hypothesis(假设)pypocholoride(次氯酸盐) 2.Infra-

infra-red(红外线)infrahuman(低于人类的)infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)

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3.sub-

sub-editou(副编辑)sub-way(地铁)sub-conscious(下意识的)submarine(海下的)subtropical(亚热带的)subtitle(副标题) .表示“回”“再次”“向后”的前缀 1.re-

refuel(给…加油)retranslate(再译)reinforce(加强)reconstruct(重建)return(返回) 2.retro-

retrograde(倒退的)retrospect(回顾)

.表示“共同”“和”的前缀 1.co-

co-exist(共存)co-operate(合作)co-education(男女同校)

.表示“相互”“之间”的前缀 1.inter-

interchangeble(可互换的)interdipendert(互相依靠的)international(国际的)inter-national(交往)

. 表示“出”“超出”的前缀 1.ec-

eclipse()ecstasy(狂想) 2.extra-

extraordinary(非凡的)extramural(校外的)extrasensory(超感觉的)

.其它的前缀 1.auto-

automatic(自动的)auto-autobilgraphy(自传)

2.mal-坏,恶

Malnutrition(营养不良)maltreat(虐待)

3.Micro-

Microscope(显微镜)microtome(切片机)

4.Tele-

Telegram(电报)telephone(电话)telescope(望远镜)

5.Demi-,semi-hemi-

Semi-circle(半圆)hemisphere(半球)demilune(半月,新月)

6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)

Monotone(单调)monologue(独白)uniform(制服)

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7.Bi-,di-

Biyearly(二年一次的)biweekly(二周一次的)dichloride(二氯化物) 8.Tri-

Triangle(三角)tripld(三角架) 9.Multi-

multi-colored(颜色多样的)multi-national(多国的) 10.Poly –多

Polygon(多角形)polytomic(多原子的) 11.Arch-首领

archbishop(大主教)architect(建筑师) 12.bene-善,好

benefit(利益)benevolence(善意) 13.homo-

homosexual(同性恋的)homograph(同形异义字) 14.neo

neo-colonialism(新殖民主义)neolithic(新石器时代的) 15.ortho-正确,直

orthogonal(直角的)orthodox(正统) 16.philo-挚爱

philosopher(哲学) 17.proto-原始

protohydrogen(初氢)prototype(原型)protoplasm(原生质) 18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的

pseudonym(匿名)pseudo-communism(假共产主义) 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自

avoid(避免)absent(缺少的)abstain(抑制)abstract(吸引) 20.Apo-,aph-来自

apology(道歉,谢罪)apostle(倡言者,先驱) 21.se-分离

separation(分开)secure(安全的)sedition(煽动叛乱) 22.para-

parachute(降落伞)

23.omni-所有的,公共的

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omnibus(公共汽车)omnipotence(万能) 24.pan-全,泛

Pan-American(全美的)pancean(万灵药)panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) 25.panto-

pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界)pantoscopic(视野广大) 26.dia-通过,借以

diagonal(对角的)diagnosis(诊断)dialogue(对话) 27.Per-通过,彻底,不利

perambrlate(走来走去)perfect极好的 28.trans-通过,横过

transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录)translation(翻译)trxnsparent(透明的)transport(运输)trans-plant(移植) 29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全

comment(评论)compile(编辑)correlation(相互关系)collect(收集)corruption(贪污腐败)collaborate(合作,合著)

30.syn-共同

synonym(同义词)synchronization(同步)syntonic(谐振的)synthetic(人工的,合成的) 31.meta-和,在……之后

metaphor(比喻)metaphysics(形而上学) 32.Cis-在这一边

cisatlantic(大西洋这边的) 33.pen-几乎,相近

peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(), 形成半岛的) 34.en-,em-往……里,使……

encamp(扎营)enable(使……能)endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) 35.intro内在

intracardiac(心脏内部的)intramolecular(分子内部的)intracelular(细胞内部的) 36.intro-到……中

introduce(介绍)introspect(反省,内省) 37.dys-

dyspepsia(消化不良)dysentry(痢疾) 38.Eu-优,美好

eulogy(颂词)euphony(悦耳的声音) 39.ambi-,amphi-两者

amphibian(两栖的)ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的) 40.penta-

pentagon(五角大楼)pentagram(五角星)pentameter(五步诗句) 41.sex-

sexangle(六角)sexennial(六年一度的) 42. sept-

September九月(古罗马的七月)septennial(七年一度) 43.hepta-

heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) 44.octa-,octo,oct

octagon(八角形)octuple(八倍)October (十月) 45.nona-,ennea-

nonagon(九角形)ennead(九个一组)

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46.deci-,deca-

decimal(十进位的)decagramme(十克) 47.centi-

centimeter(厘米)centipede(蜈蚣) 48.milli-

millenias(千年的)millimeter(毫米) 49.Kilo-

kilowatt(千瓦)kilometer(千米) 后缀

1.-ster-eer-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity):gamestergangstersongsterengineerprofiteermountaineerauctioneerdriverteacherdirectoractorprofessor

2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(smallunimportant things)例词:bookletleafletstarlet

3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actresspoetesshostesspaintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhoodchildhoodmanhood

6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skillstateconditionstatusquality)例词:leadershipfriendshipmembershiplectureshipsportsmanship

7.-ful意为:(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupfulhandful mouthfulspoonful

8.-tion-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:actionoppressionpossessioneducationstarva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organizationfoundation

9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movementenslavementpavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrivalrefusalrevivalrecitalremoval

11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastagecoverage acreageshrinkagebreakagehostage 12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness usefulnessselfishnesskindnessrapidityactivitysanitychangeability

13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine ofpractice of)例词:idealism impressionismabsenteeismracism 二、动词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn intoto make or become)例词:beautify diversifysimplify

2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernizepopularizelegalizehospitalizesymbolizeripenwidenheightenthreaten

3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or addmake or become)例词:originate hydrogenatevalidatedifferentiate 三、形容词后缀:

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful意为:充满,(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:usefulpitiful hopefulhelpfulforgetfulthankful fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechlesschildlessharmlesshopelessmeaningless 3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastlymanly brotherlyfriendly 4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlikestatesmanliketiger-like

5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meatysandy silkyhairyleafywateryfoolishgirlishblackishthinnish

6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesomeburdensomewholesometiresomebothersome

7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeablereadabledrinkablecomfortableexpansibleconvincible

8.-ed意为:有……的(havingetc.)例词:woodedpointedmoneyed odd-shaped

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9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature oftypical of)例词:culturalpersonalregionalmusical

10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionaryimaginary contradictory

11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:gloriouserroneousmaliciousgracious

12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historichistoricalmethodicmethodicaldramaticheroic

13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive talkativerestrictivedefensivepreventiveconstructivesensitive 四、副词后缀

常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)

例词:happily boldlyattentive- lystrangely

2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s)backward(s)earthward(s)homeward(s)eastward(s)

3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwiseclockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise educationwise

有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting

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