【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《经济全球化的有利影响》，欢迎阅读！
（一） 经济全球化对发展中国家的有利影响 分析： 二战以来，发展中国家纷纷实行市场经济体制，逐步融入经济全球化进程，发生了翻天覆地的变化，各项经济指标均有明显改善.发展中国家的人均GDP、科研开支、吸收的外国投资均得以大幅度增长.经济全球化为发展中国家提供了前所未有的发展机遇，多数发展中国家也因此而在不同程度上成为经济全球化的受益者。这主要反映在以下几个方面： 1、 经济全球化为发展中国家提供了更多吸引外资的条件和机会.随着经济全球化的发展和全球统一市场的形成，资本可以不受国界的限制自由流动，加之资本的趋利性，使得资本主义世界的大批公司走出国界，对外进行直接投资。而由于发展中国家拥有巨大的潜在市场和廉价的生产要素，使其对资本具有巨大的吸引力，从而为发展中国家带来了引进和利用外资的机会。 2、 经济全球化为发展中国家引进了世界先进的科学技术和管理经验,并推动了发展中国家技术的创新。经济的全球化必然伴随着资本、人才、技术、信息和知识在全球范围内的流动。跨国公司在向发展中国家投资的同时，必然带来先进的技术和管理经验.广大发展中国家在利用国外资本的同时,也获得了学习其技术和经验的机会。过去一些年的事实证明，一些发展中国家在众多技术和管理领域之所以能够在短期内缩短与世界水平的差距，甚至在一些技术应用方面能够与世界同步,在很大程度上以经济全球化以及相关的科技全球化为背景.不仅如此，更重要的是一些国家在学习和借鉴发达国家经验的同时,还在一些领域实现了技术和管理创新，增强了其自主创新的能力. 3、 经济全球化可以为发展中国家增加就业岗位。由于廉价的生产要素的存在，吸引包括跨国公司在内的众多国外企业来发展中国家投资建厂，在带来资本、技术的同时也雇佣了很多发展中国家的劳动力为其工作，大大减轻了发展中国家的就业压力。 4、 经济全球化给发展中国家带来了产业结构调整的机会.经济全球化使发展中国家被纳入世界经济，面临加快产业结构调整,强化经济竞争力的重任。在经济全球化浪潮中发展中国家接受发达国家技术先进的劳动密集型产业的转移的同时，还要加快传统产业的改造和更新和大力发展高新技术产业及知识密集型服务业，实现本国产业结构的优化和升级。因此，在发展中国家融入经济全球化的过程中，应该按照自己的比较优势来选择了发展战略,促进产业结构调整。 （二）经济全球化对发达国家的有利影响 分析： 扩大贸易规模 。经济全球化的快速发展,促进了世界多边贸易体制的形成，使国际贸易增长迅猛，其增长速度已大大超过世界国内生产总值的增长。在国际贸易的强劲发展势头中,美、欧等发达国家成为最大的受益方。 1、 加速经济扩张 .经济全球化为发达国家提供了更加广阔的经济活动空间,使它们凭借各自的优势和经济实力，积极活跃在世界经济舞台上,不断扩大经济势力范围，在全球获得更大的销售、投资和劳动力市场，谋取最大的经济利益。发达国家的跨国公司作为其经济对外扩张的载体，对外投资规模不断扩大，已成为全球经济的核心。目前，全球生产的40％左右,国际贸易的50％～60%，国际技术贸易的60%~70%，科研与开发的80％~90%，国际投资额的90%，都被发达国家的跨国公司所控制。 2、 促进产业升级 。经济全球化带来的世界范围内的空前竞争，促使发达国家经济向科技和资本密集型产业升级，在高新技术方面不断创新，研究开发和生产出技术和知识含量高的新产品，并及时推向市场，提高产品的国际竞争力。 3、 推动人才引进 。经济全球化为高技能劳动力的跨国流动创造了条件，而人力资源已经成为当前最重要的资源和各国争夺的焦点.吸引站在世界科技前沿和产业高端的高层次人才,越来越成为发达国家提高国际竞争力、实现经济可持续发展的迫切需要。凭借其优越的生活条件、先进的大学和研究机构、高技术企业集群等优势,发达国家吸引了大量海外人才,为发达国家的经济做出了重要贡献.经合组织在一份报告中指出，美国的移民政策是其保持经济高速增长的原因之一,在信息和通信部门,来自国外的高科技人才的作用尤其突出。据统计，世界科技人员的四分之一集中在美国。 （1)An Analysis of the Favorable Effects of Economic Globalization on Developing Countries： Since the Second World War， developing countries have implemented a market economic system， and gradually into the process of economic globalization, has undergone enormous changes, the economic indicators have improved significantly. The per capita GDP of developing countries， the expenditure on scientific research and the absorption of foreign investment have increased significantly. Economic globalization has provided unprecedented opportunities for developing countries， and most developing countries have become beneficiaries of economic globalization to varying degrees。 This is mainly reflected in the following aspects： 1， Economic globalization provides the developing countries with more conditions and opportunities to attract foreign investment. With the development of economic globalization and the formation of a global unified market, capital can be free from the limits of national boundaries， coupled with the capital of the profitability， making the capitalist world a large number of companies out of the border, external direct investment。 And because the developing countries have a huge potential market and cheap production factors, so that it has a great attraction to the capital， so as to bring the introduction of developing countries and the use of foreign investment opportunities. 2, Economic globalization has introduced advanced science and technology and managerial expertise to developing countries, and promoted the innovation of technology in developing countries。 The globalization of the economy must be accompanied by a global flow of capital, talent， technology, information and knowledge. Multinational companies， while investing in developing countries， are bound to bring advanced technology and management experience。 The vast majority of developing countries in the use of foreign capital at the same time， also received the opportunity to learn their technology and experience。 The past few years have proven that some developing countries have been able to shorten the gap with the world in the short term in many areas of technology and management， and even with some of the world's technical applications, to a large extent by economic globalization As well as related technology globalization as the background。 Not only that， but more importantly, some countries in the study and learn from the experience of developed countries at the same time, but also in some areas to achieve the technical and management innovation， and enhance its ability to independent innovation。 3, Economic globalization can increase employment for developing countries。 Due to the existence of cheap factors of production, including multinational companies, including many foreign enterprises to invest in developing countries to build factories， bringing capital, technology， but also hired a lot of developing countries for their work, greatly reduced the Employment pressure in developing countries. 4, Economic globalization has given developing countries an opportunity to adjust their industrial structure. Economic globalization has enabled developing countries to be integrated into the world economy， facing the task of accelerating industrial restructuring and strengthening economic competitiveness。 In the tide of economic globalization， developing countries accept the transfer of technologically advanced labor—intensive industries in developed countries， but also speed up the transformation and renewal of traditional industries 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/b456e23c5427a5e9856a561252d380eb6294234f.html
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2023-01-10
