生态学考试名词解释

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生态学,名词解释,考试

生态学考试名词解释



Abundance (多度,丰度) actual evapotranspiration (实际蒸腾) age distribution(年龄分布) adaptation(适应)autotroph(自养生物) biome(生物群系) biosphere(生物圈) boreal forest(北方森林,针叶林,泰加林)bottom-up control (上行控制)carnivore(食肉动物) carrying capacity(K,容量)climax community(顶级群落) clumped distribution(集群,成群分布) community (群落)community structure (群落结构)competition coefficient竞争系数) competition exclusion principle(竞争排除法则) decomposition(分解) density-dependent factor(密度制约因子)density-independent factor(非密度制约因子) disruptive selection (分裂选择)distribution (分布)disturbance (干扰)dominant species优势种) drought 干旱)ecolgy ecosystem (生态系统) ecotone (群落过渡带)ecotype(生态型) endemic(地方的,特有的) environmental enrichment环境富集) eusociality(真社会性) eutrophic(富营养化) evolution(进化) exponential population(种群增长指数) fitness适和度) food web(食物网) forb (非禾本草本植物)genetic drift (遗传漂变)geometric population growthgeometric rate of increase()greenhouse effect(温室效应) gross primary production(总初级生), growth form()guild()Hardy-Weinberg principle(哈文定律) herbivore(食草动物)Intermediate disturbance hypothesisIntersexual selection() interspecific competition(种间竞争) intrasexual selection(性内选择) intrinsic rate increase(内禀增长率) keystone species(关键种)kin selection(亲缘选择) K selectionK 选择) landscape ecology (景观生态学)life table(生命表)logistic population growth (逻辑斯遆种群增长) metapopulation(集合种群)natural selection(自然选择) Niche(生态位) normal distribution(正态分布) optimal foraging theory(最优觅食理论)patch(斑块)pathogen(病原体) per capita rate of increase(平均每个体增长率)population dynamics(种群动态) population genetics() predator()primary production(初级生产量)primary succession (原生演替) random distribution( ) realized niche() resource competition() sample median() self-incompatibility(自交不亲和性) self-thinning (自疏) sexual selectionSmall-scale phenomena()species evenness(物种均匀度) species richness(物种丰富度) stability(稳定


性)stress (胁迫) survivorship curve(存活曲线) temperate forest (温带森林)zooplankton (浮游动物)


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