【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《主动语态和被动语态专练》，欢迎阅读！
主动语态和被动语态专练 一、主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 被动式 主动式 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten eat / eats (原形或三人称单数) 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten ate(动词的过去时) 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten will/ shall/be going to eat(动词原形) 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten would/should/was, were going to eat(动词原形) 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten am／is／are eating (现在分词) 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten was／were eating (现在分词) 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten have/ has eaten (过去分词) 过去完成时：had been＋eaten had eaten (过去分词) can/ may/ must be + eaten can/ may/ must eat（动词原形） 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 练习一：把下列句子由主动语态变成被动语态 1.He can finish the job in an hour. 2.Tom often helps her. 3.They planted many trees last year. 4.The worker is mending the bike now. 5.They will buy a new bike next year. 6.We have read seven English films already. 7.They had discussed the problem two weeks before. 1 8. All the people laughed at him. 练习二： 1. I have repaired my computer. 2.Mike can’t help him next week. 3.Is she watering the flowers now? 4.Did Tom finish the task just now? 5.He didn’t laugh at his brother. 6.Jim hasn’t broken the glass. 7. They make the bikes in the factory. 8.Can he lift the heavy box? 四、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired. （2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend. （3） 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。 动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to) Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语) -- I was given a book by Vivian. --A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词） （4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。 They call him Louis. --He is called Louis. （5）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. （6）主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. --He was made to wash the dishes. （7）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 五、练习 (一) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 2 This English song___ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung 3.New computers ___ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 2 4. Our room must ___ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep 5. A new house ___ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 6. Doctors ___ in every part of the world. A. need .B. are needing .C. are needed .D. will need 7. Japanese ___ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking 8. These papers ___ yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written 9. ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are 10. ___ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do 11. The flowers ___often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water 12. The books may___ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow 13. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 14. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month. A. is going to be built B. will built C. are going to be built D. are going to built 15. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown 16. The bridges___ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built 17. Old people must ___. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well 18. Newly-born babies ___in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 19. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given 20. Great changes___ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place （二） 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now． 3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far． 5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? 3 They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can't _____________ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well. 15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone __________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分） 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态) It ______ ________ ________ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match. The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game "Lianliankan". (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ "Lianliankan" by us. 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow. 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分） ①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________ 4 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/dcb1e858f142336c1eb91a37f111f18583d00c94.html
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2022-07-12
