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长城的英文介绍 The Great W^ll, Like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in lndiu and lhe Ekmging Garden of Babylon(2)F is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the an the twifiks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Tall stretches westwiirds for 12, 700 kilottieters to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert^ thus known as the Ten Thousand L1 Wall in China. The Wall cl ha up and Town, twists and tur along th& ridges of the Ya han and Yi han Mountain Chai throu^h five provinces Liaoning, Ucbci, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Ga u and tiro autonooiaus regio ------- hingxja and 1 er Mongolia, binding the northern China th
Historical records trace the co truction of the oriffin of the Wall to defe ive fortification biiuk to the year 655 li. C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu・ It;; co I ruction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B,U when ducal stales Yanh Zhaar WeiF and Qin were frequently plundered by the nuiiadic peoples Living north of the Yi han and Ya han wuntain rang亡缶 Walls, thetij were bui It separaby these ducal states to ward off such hara merits. Later in 221 Ek CL , when Qin conquered th亡 other states and unified China、 Emperor Qi hihuang ordered the co ection of these individual walls and further eitc io to form the basis of the present great WH11H AS a matter of fact, a separate outer wall wa5 co true ted north of the Yi htui range in the Han Dynasty (206 BC ------------------------------------------------------------ 1644 BC.)» which went to ruin through years of neglect・ In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the WuLJ. The aiosl exte ive reinforcements and retiovalio were carried out in Lht Hing Dynasty (13 ---------------------------------------------------- 1544) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced ^ith bricks and rocks, it is mostly th亡 Ming Dynasty Kall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sectio 卜 the east and 'rest, with Shanxi Province thr dividing line. The west part is a raonoed earth co truction, about 5. 3 meters high on average, In the castern part, the core of the Wall is rmnmcd earth as well, but the outer shell is rwi口forced with bricks and rocks・ The most imposing and best preserved sectio of the Great Wtill are at Hadaling and Nutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitoru.
The ffsil of those sectio is T・8 meters high and 6. 5 meters wide at its base» narrowing too^ 8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for rive horses to gallop abreast. There are rampurts, embrasures^ peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters Kith gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet wtilk. Two-storied iwrtch-towets tire built at d rojilmiktely 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower B'erc designed for o rrving 亡口亡my CMACDcnts, while the first va.5 used for storing gz且in. fodder, HIlitary equipment and 驭 owder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch tower at Hadalin^ standing on a hi 1.1 一top、 is reached only nfter a steep c 1 iinbT like ^climbing a ladder to heaven"* The view from the tup is rewarding, hoverern The Wall follows lh& contour of noun tai that rise one behind the other until they finally f^de and nierge with distant haxe.
A signal system formerly existed that served to conmunicate military Lufonnat lap to the dynastic capital, This co isted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain to vi thin sight of the Walk At the a roach of enemy troo , aoioke signals gave the dlarcn fruo] the beacon Lowers in the daytime arid bonfire did this al night. Emergency signals could be relayed tu the capital froiD distiini places within a fe*' hour long before the invention of unything like tnoderh caumiunLcatio .
Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from I er Mongolia, was built in a 15一kilometer long ravine flanked by mountai • The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pa is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Cro ing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch a ed the main street of the pa and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty (1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with lendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardia carved on the walls. The vividne of their expre io is matched by the exquisite workma hip. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving・ The gate jam bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sa krit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world・ The Venice charter says: ^Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witne ed certain civilizatio , significant social developments or historical events. " The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
Notes:
1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵
2. the Hanging Garden of Babylo 巴比伦的空中花园 3. Sa krit 梵语 4. Uigur维百尔晤
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2022-07-13
