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中国节日及假期 阴历 LUNAR CALENDAR 正月初一 ── 春节 (1st of the first lunar month—Spring Festival) Spring Festival, or Chinese New Year, occurs on the first day of the traditional Chinese lunar year (falling between the end of January and the end of February in the Gregorian calendar). People return home to be with their families. Traditions include cleaning the home; wearing new clothes; presenting gifts; pasting up auspicious couplets (对联) on either side of the front door; giving children small amounts of money in red envelopes (红包); in the North, making and eating boiled dumplings (饺子); and letting off firecrackers and fireworks. In business, all debts should be cleared at New Year. Celebrations can start late in the preceding month, and go on till the following Lantern Festival. The official holiday, however, is just three days. 正月十五 ── 元宵节 (15th of the first lunar month—Lantern Festival) The Lantern Festival falls on the first full moon of the lunar year. The main activity is watching lanterns and solving ‘lantern riddles’ (灯谜) written on them. The traditional food is round glutinous rice dumplings (元宵). The Lantern Festival marks the end of the New Year period. 四月初八 ── 佛诞节 (8th of the fourth lunar month—Buddha’s Birthday) Buddha’s Birthday is more popular in Hong Kong, and is especially celebrated in Buddhist temples. 五月初五 ── 端午节 (5th of the fifth lunar month—Dragon Boat Festival) A traditional festival, ostensibly commemorating the poet Qu Yuan (340-278 BC) of the state of Chu. Qu Yuan wrote what is regarded as some of the greatest poetry in Chinese history. On hearing the news of the defeat of Chu by Qin, he is said to have committed suicide by jumping into the Miluo River. The traditions of dragon-boat racing and eating glutinous rice pyramids (粽子) are meant to mark Qu Yuan’s death — since supposedly at the time local people threw rice into the river to divert the fish from eating his body. 七月初七 ── 七夕节 (7th of the seventh lunar month—Double Seventh Festival) This festival is associated with the traditional love story of the mortal Cowherd and the celestial Weaving Girl. According to the story, the couple fell in love and she came down to earth to marry him. However, they were discovered by the Queen of Heaven, who separated them by creating the Milky Way and took the Weaving Girl back to heaven. Subsequently, magpies took pity on the pair and once a year form themselves into a bridge over the Milky Way so that the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl can be reunited. In contemporary China the festival is a day for lovers. 七月十五 ── 中元节 (15th of the seventh lunar month—Hungry Ghost Festival) Traditionally, the whole of the seventh month is Ghost Month, when spirits wander the earth. At the Hungry Ghost Festival, ritual food offerings are made and paper money burnt to appease these spirits. This festival is more popular in Hong Kong. 八月十五 ── 中秋节 (15th of the eighth lunar month—Mid-Autumn Festival) Another traditional festival when the moon is full. On this day people enjoy the moon, set out food, and in particular eat moon cakes (月饼). It is timed to celebrate the harvest. 九月初九 ── 重阳节 (9th of the ninth lunar month—Double Ninth Festival) The number nine symbolizes Yang (阳), the positive principle in nature. So, on the 9th day of the 9th month, this principle is at its strongest. Traditionally, people climb mountains on this day. The chrysanthemum is also symbolic of the festival. 阳历 SOLAR CALENDAR 1 月 1 日 ── 元旦 (1 January—New Year’s Day) Though it does not have traditional significance, this day is an official holiday in China. 3 月 8 日 ── 国际劳动妇女节 (8 March—International Working Women’s Day) Women have a half or whole day’s holiday. 3 月 12 日 ── 植树节 (12 March—Tree-planting Day) Begun in 1979, this is a day for planting trees and addressing ecological problems. 4 月初（4 至 6 日之间）── 清明节 (early April, between 4th and 6th—Qingming Festival) Linked to the early Chinese solar calendar, the traditional Qingming Festival marked an important transition to warmer weather in the agricultural year. It is now an official one-day holiday. The main activity is ‘sweeping the tombs’ of the ancestors. At gravesides people conduct a symbolic sweeping with new willow fronds; offer food, gifts and flowers; and burn incense and paper money. It is also a festival for spring outings and kite flying. 5 月 1 日 ── 国际劳动节 (1 May—International Labour Day, (US) Labor Day) As in other parts of the world, May Day has been denoted a day for workers. There is an official one-day holiday. 5 月 4 日 ── 中国青年节 (4 May—Chinese Youth Day) This day commemorates the May 4th Movement of 1919, when students in Beijing and across China demonstrated for nationalism and modernization. Today, young people under 28 have half a day’s holiday. 6 月 1 日 ── 国际儿童节 (1 June—International Children’s Day) On this day children are presented with gifts, and get free entrance to various kinds of entertainment. 7 月 1 日 ── 七一建党节 (1 July—Founding of the Chinese Communist Party) The CCP was founded in Shanghai in 1921. 8 月 1 日 ── 中国人民解放军建军节 (1 August—Army Day) A ceremonial day, it commemorates the founding of the People’s Liberation Army and also emphasizes collaboration between the People’s Liberation Army and the people. 9 月 10 日 ── 教师节 (10 September—Teacher’s Day) The new official day for honouring teachers. 10 月 1 日 ── 国庆节 (1 October—National Day) This was the day that Chairman Mao proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Today, it is sometimes celebrated with grand processions of school children, workers, minority representatives and troops, and displays of military hardware. There are three days’ official holiday. 12 月 22 日或 23 日── 冬至 (mid-Winter, 22nd or 23rd December—Winter Solstice) Another festival determined by the Chinese solar calendar. As the turning point away from winter, it marks the time in the year when the Yang (阳) principle is at its lowest. Various kinds of dumplings are eaten to build up strength. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/eee2a179f31dc281e53a580216fc700abb685232.html
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2022-08-04
