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Now that you're studying English at a high level, you need to be able to talk about the language itself. 既然你正在高水平地学习英语，你就需要能够谈论英语本身。 One of the biggest areas of confusion for students is the difference between the past tense and the perfect form.对学生来说，最大的困惑之一是过去式和完美式之间的差异。 past tense is indicated by use of the past tense marker represented here by v sub d. 过去时态用过去时态标记表示，这里用v sub d表示。 Here are some examples of regular verbs in the past tense forms.这里有一些过去式中规则动词 So as you can see for regular verbs, the past tense form is indicated by the addition of an ed 如你所见，对于常规动词，过去时态是由一个ed表示的 and however, some of the most common verbs in English are irregular, so it is important to learn them. 然而，英语中一些最常见的动词是不规则的，所以学习它们很重要。 Here are some examples. Altogether, there are over 200 regular verbs in normal use. 这里有一些例子。共有200多个常用动词。 Many people think that the past tense form only indicates past time.许多人认为过去式只表示过去时间。 However, that is only one of the possible meanings. 然而，这只是其中一个可能的含义 The past tense form is also used to express something that is unlikely or imaginary from the speaker's point of view.过去时态也用来表达说话者认为不太可能或虚构的东西。 Here is an example. He wishes he had a car.这是一个例子。他希望他有车。 The fact is that he doesn't have a car.事实是他没有车。 So the use of head indicates that it isn't real. It's imaginary.所以头部的使用表明它不是真的这是虚构 If he had a car, he could drive us to school again.如果他有车，他可以再开车送我们去学校。 He doesn't have a car, so he can't drive us to school.他没有车，所以不能开车送我们上学。 Condition expresses something that isn't a fact.表达的不是事实。 It's a counter factual condition, which means it goes against what we know or believe. 这是一个反事实的条件，这意味着它违背了我们所知道或相信的。 Look at these two sentences. Both sentences are correct, but there is a difference in meaning. 看这两句话。这两个句子都是对的，但意思不同。 In the Top sentence, the condition that she waits is more likely from the speaker's point of view. 在最上面的一句话中，从说话者的角度来看，她等待的条件更有可能。 In the bottom sentence, the speaker thinks it's less likely that she's going to wait. 在最后一句话中，演讲者认为她不太可能等待。 look at these two sentences. If he waits another week, she can save money. 看这两句话。如果他再等一周，她就可以省钱了。 If she waited another week, she could save money because there's going to be a sale. 如果她再等一个星期，她就可以省钱了，因为要打折了。 When we talk about experience or results, we use the present perfect form.当我们谈论经验或结果时，使用现在完 This form uses have followed by the participle.这种形式的用法后面跟着分词。 For regular verbs. This participle is identical to the past tense form.对于常规动词。这个分词与过去式形式相同。 For irregular verbs, this participle is often different.对于不规则动词，这个分词通常是不同的。 In these two examples, we see the contrast.在这两个例子中，我们看到了对比。 The Top sentence gives the condition or state of the subject.句首给出了主语的条件或状态。 And the bottom sentence expresses an event.下面的句子表达了一个事件。 The Top sentence describes the condition of the subject of the sentence, she rather than an event. 上面的句子描述的是句子主体的状态，她而不是一个事件。 The fact that she has left the hotel is now part of her experience or state of being. 她已经离开旅馆这一事实，现在已成为她的经历或生存状态的一部分。 The bottom sentence expresses the action or event she left, which is something she did. 下面的句子表达了她离开的动作或事件，这是她做的事情。 In general. The past tense form expresses events or acts, and the perfect form expresses experience or when we use them. in high school, John wasn't a very good student. In fact, he was one of the worst students. When it came time to go to university. Nobody expected him to pass the entrance examination. However, he proved them wrong and did well enough to get into a Top university. He enjoyed his studies and graduated a few months ago. Now that he has graduated, he's ready to get a job.一般来说。过去式表示事件或行为，而完美式表示经验或当我们使用它们时。在高中，约翰不是一个很好的学生。事实上，他是最差的学生之一。到了上大学的时候。没人指望他能通过入学考试。然而，他证明了他们的错误，并做得很好，进入一所顶尖大学。他很喜欢学习，几个月前就毕业了。现在他已经毕业了，他已经准备好找工作了。 Look at the past form.看看过去的表格。 Expresses events at specific points or periods of time such as last year or the past five years. 表示特定时间点或时期的事件，如去年或过去五年。 These events are distanced from the speaker's point of view form expresses the state of something from the speakers这些事件与说话者的观点相距甚远，形式表达了说话者的某种状态 Here are some sentences that use the perfect form. Some are simple, such as the first one, and some are complex, like the last one.下面是一些使用完美形式的句子。有些是简单的，比如第一个，有些是复杂的，比如最后一 The last one is complex, because it combines many verb forms, including the passive Complete the sentence.最后一个是复杂的，因为它结合了许多动词形式，包括被动句完成句子。 he may have taken his computer with him, but I'm not sure if he did or not.他可能带了电脑，但我不确定他是否带 The weather has gotten worse. He has practiced hard. So he should do well in the competition. 天气变得更糟了。他练得很努力。所以他应该在比赛中取得好成绩。 His computer was taken in for repair last week. So it should be ready soon. 他的电脑上周被人拿去修理了。所以应该很快就准备好了。 What are you thinking about? You look so pensive.你在想什么？你看起来很忧郁。 I was just thinking about how much things have changed since I was a child. 我只是在想，自从我还是个孩子以来，事情发生了多大的变化。 Oh, sometimes I think about that too. What were your thoughts? 哦，有时候我也会想。你是怎么想的？ Nostalgic for sure. Generally. I remember the best times. And then I get a bit depressed. When I think about how things have changed, 当然怀旧。一般来说。我记得最美好的时光。然后我有点沮丧。当我想到事情是如何改变的， what kinds of changes to press you?什么样的变化要压你？ Well, one thing is the pace of life. Everything is so fast pace now. So there isn't enough time to think. 一件事是生活的节奏。现在一切都很快。所以没有足够的时间去思考。 That's because you've grown up. You're not a child anymore. So you have responsibilities. It's more than just having responsibilities. 那是因为你长大了。你不再是个孩子了。所以你有责任。不仅仅是有责任。 My parents had to work, but they also had time for other things. My dad used to go fishing on the weekends and my mom used to work in her garden. She loves to grow flowers and vegetables. 我父母不得不工作，但他们也有时间做其他事情。我爸爸过去周末常去钓鱼，我妈妈过去常在她的花园里工作。她喜欢种花和蔬菜。 Yeah, that does sound nice. Living in the city makes things like that really difficult. 是啊，听起来不错。住在城市里会让事情变得很困难。 Yes, living in the city is certainly part of the problem, right? 是的，住在城里肯定是问题的一部分，对吧？ Well, that depends on you. You make things sound as if you have no choices in life. It's the choices you've made, but you were you are now. 那就看你了。你让事情听起来好像你在生活中没有选择。这是你所做的选择，但你曾经是现在的你。 Sure. That's certainly part of the problem. I guess i've changed. 当然。这当然是问题的一部分。我想我变了。 You want a lifestyle that you can't have in the city. One of those things. 你想要一种在城市里无法拥有的生活方式。其中之一。 No, that's not an option. If I did that, my wife would divorce me. 不，那不是一个选择。如果我那样做，我妻子会和我离婚。 Have you ever talked about it with her?你和她谈过吗？ No, I haven't. We don't talk about things like that.不，我没有。我们不谈那样的事。 We're both too busy. She's even busier than I am.我们都太忙了。她比我还忙。 Well, maybe she would surprise you. Maybe she'd like to change to. You should talk to her. 好吧，也许她会给你一个惊喜。也许她想换成。你应该和她谈谈。 I don't know. What about you?我不知道。那你呢？ I'm okay. My wife and I accept things as they are. We try to think positively and we support each other. 我没事。我和我妻子接受现状。我们努力积极思考，互相支持。 It sounds like you have a good marriage.听起来你的婚姻很美满。 Yes, we do. And one reason for that is that we share our thoughts with each other. We don't want to grow apart like so many couples. 是的，我们有。其中一个原因是我们彼此分享我们的想法。我们不想像这么多夫妻一样分居。 Maybe i'll surprise my wife and start sharing my thoughts with her. 也许我会给我妻子一个惊喜，开始和她分享我的想法。 Well, if you don't do it now, nothing is going to change. Yes, you're probably right. I'll think about it. 好吧，如果你现在不做，什么都不会改变。是的，你可能是对的。我会考虑的。 on Antarctica. The world's coldest continent.在南极洲。世界上最冷的大陆。 The average high temperature is minus 49 ℃.平均高温是零下49摄氏度。 In the summer, the sun never sets, and in the winter it never rises. 夏天太阳永不落山，冬天太阳永不升起。 Keeping staying there is its own special Challenge.继续留在那里是它自己的特殊挑战。 The Mcmurdo station is a research base perched on the edge of the Ross ice shelf, 麦克默多站是一个位于罗斯冰架边缘的研究基地， the world's largest body of floating ice minister by the United States. 世界上最大的浮冰组织部长由美国担任。 It is the largest community in Antarctica capable of supporting more than 1200 residents. 它是南极洲最大的社区，能够养活1200多名居民。 The population of the city Asian drops to 100 50 brave perhaps foolish people. 这个城市的亚洲人减少到10050个勇敢或愚蠢的人。 When winter begins in March. Their task is to maintain the station during the months of total night.三月份冬天开始的时候。他们的任务是在整晚的几个月里维护车站。 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/fed0fe6aacaad1f34693daef5ef7ba0d4a736dd6.html
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2022-12-18
