英语语法笔记非谓语动词

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谓语,英语,动词,语法,笔记



基础二班英语笔记

非谓语动词---

一、 定义:非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括:①不定式②动名词③过去分词,即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。 二、 形式: 1 to + V

2 ving(①动名词②现在分词) 3 ved

三、 to + v 用法:

1 名词(作主、宾、表、同位语) ①例如:动词不定式做主语、表语。 Eg:To see is to believe.

To see 作主语,to believe 作表语,is 是谓语。

知识点复习:英语中一定是动词(谓语)的三种情况: ⑴动词写成第三人称单数形式; ⑵情态动词加动词原形;

be 动词写成 am is are was were ②例如:动词不定式做宾语 I’m longing to see her again. To see 做宾语。 ③不定式做同位语

His ambition ,to be a teacher ,was never fulfilled.

知识点复习,潜规则3:句子很工,双逗号部分之间内容往往可以跳过不读。

④不定式做表语:

His ideal is to become a teacher .

注:Wh 开头的特殊疑问词+ to v 的结构整体相当于一个名词用法。 What /when /where/who/which/why ,How 还有一个特殊的 there to 例如:I dont know what to say .相当于名词,做宾语。 2 动词不定式相当于形容词作定语

形容词做定语分为前定和后定,而不定式只能做后定。

特别注意:不定式作后置定语与他所修饰的词之间构成动宾关系,宾关系举例:I eat a break ,不是所有动词都有宾语,非要加宾语则要加介词。

例如:I have a room to live.这句话错,正确应为:I have a room to live in .

Eg :They chose to raid Mr Zhans shop Beause they have a very fast car to get away in 要加in I has a pen to write with. They have no ink to write in

造句:我需要一把锤子把钉子钉进去。

I need a hammer to drive the nail in with .二个介词。






二个动词的例子:The question who he is is interesing ,他是谁的问题很有趣。

不定式相当于形容词作后定形式: n + to + v(vt)

n + to + v(vi)+prep(介词) 3 动词不定式做补语 补语分为:主补和宾补 Eg :Ask sb to do 宾补 He was asked to do 主补 主补是宾补的被动形式。

重要知识点复习:省略to的不定式:

Notice see look watch hear 等感观动词在 to do,形式中省略to. Make have let 等使役动词后面不定式省略to ,但有一个词除外:get 要加 to

Get sb to do

have sb do ,have sth done 被做

They were made to work all day and all night. 为什么是to work 而不是work 特别注意,省略to的动词一旦变成被动要加上to.

4 动词不定式作adv 作状语

They went there [to help the needed]不定式做目的状语。

复习知识点:The +adj 表一类人,例句中表需要资助的人。 He is old enough to go to school 不定式作结果状语。

Every morning ,they wake up only to find that the work had been finished 不定式做结果状语

He returned from abroad only to find that his girlfriend had married . 不定式做结果状语。 总结:to + v adv ⑴目的状语

⑵结果状语(enough to do/so……as to do/only to do

⑶原因状语:I am surprised to hear the news.听到这个消息是我吃惊的原因。

四、 不定式省略: 1 had better do

2 cant …… but do ,情不自禁做某事 3 cant help but do 同上

4 may ……as well do 还是做什么好,倒不如做什么好。 Would rather do A than to B

与其B倒不如A,宁愿A而不愿B

Do nothing but do B 前面有do,后无to.不能做前面只能做后面的。 He could do nothing but wait 除了等什么都不能做。 He could do anything but wait 除了等什么都可以做。

Have no choice (alternative)but to do 前面没有do,所以后面有to






不定式的时态和语态 Pretend to do

Pretend to be listening

Claim to have finished the homework

Iam sorry to have been interrupting you.注意点:非延续性动词用在过去完成进行时中表多次重复。 语态:

He asked to be sent abroad 他要求被送出国,不定式表被动语态。 I have this letter to be typed /to type.

都对,前表被动,表别人打印,后表主动我来打。

复习知识点:使用被动语态的三种情况:⑴主语不言自明⑵不知道发出者⑶不方便说明发出者 特殊情况:

To spot 主动表被动=to be spotted 这种情况只能用于以下结构: Be + adj + to +V

To spot a tall man相当名词作主语is easy .

现代语法尾重原则:It is easy to spot a tall man in the crowed 现代英语简化趋势:A tall man is easy to spot in the crowed 再如:These shoes are comforable to wear(不是be worn) Be + adj + to +do 结构中主动表被动 n + to + V 主动

n + be +adj+ to do 被动




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