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建平中学高三上期中英语试卷 II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA 1． The mama﹣bear instinct Ms． Angela McQueen， a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School， Illinois， has a routine when she's on lunch﹣monitoring duty． She （1） （keep） an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈） around the school cafeteria． In September 2017， McQueen， then 40， had hardly finished one lap （2） a 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun． She knew too well that he was going to start shooting． School employees（3） （train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability（4） （aim）． So with the shooter's finger on the trigger， McQueen rushed to him． （5） （grab） at his arm， she forced the gun into the air， but not （6） he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another． As students ran for the exits， McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer， （7） disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later． Afterward， McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students． "It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper． "I don't have kids of my own， but these are still‘（8） ' kids．" （9） McQueen， a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending． "If it hadn't been for her， the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference． As one （10） （impress） student told CBS News， "Mr． McQueen is our heroine．" SectionB 2． 第1页（共37页） Photography is often perceived as an objective， and therefore unbiased， medium for documenting and preserving historic moments and national and world histories， and for visualizing and narrating news stories． But the choices made by a photographer ﹣ including how the image is （1） ， what is left in or out of the frame， and how it may be cropped， edited， or otherwise altered after it is taken ﹣ introduce a point﹣of﹣view into the photograph and （2） impact how we receive and understand images． Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of （3） truth． Photographs can bear （4） to history and even serve as catalysts（催化剂）for change． They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or，（5） ， offer critical commentary on historical people， places， and events． Throughout the history of the medium， photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes﹣though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate． Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919，she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll， and she started photographing them． These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration（FSA）， formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers．Lange closely identified with the FSA's mission， which was to（6） the effects of the Depression on Americans， bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur． Due in part to her work with the FSA， Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography， a （7） she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work． Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother， Nipomo， California in 1936， while employed by the FSA program． In Nipomo， California， Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field workers whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops． Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later， she said， "I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother． I do not remember how I explained my（8） or my camera to her， but I do remember she asked me no 第2页（共37页） questions． I made five exposures， working closer and closer from the same direction．" One photograph from that shoot， now known as Migrant Mother， was widely（9） to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression． As Lange described Thompson's situation， "She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field． Yet they could not move on， for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food．" However，Thompson later （10） Lange's account． When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s， she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other， nor did she sell the tires of her car． Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished（渲染） what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story． III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA 3． Vast parts of Earth should be left wild To avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050， with a focus on areas of high biodiversity． So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science． This isn't just about saving biodiverse areas， says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society，one of the authors． It is also about saving ourselves by protecting （1） natural systems， or ecosystems，and their benefits to us， known as ecosystem services． "We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life． The forests， for example， are （2） for absorbing and storing carbon，" says Baillie． At present， just 3.6 per cent of the planet's oceans and 14.7 per cent of land is protected by law． At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity， governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land by 2020． But this isn't nearly enough， says Baillie． In the editorial， he and his coauthor， Ya﹣Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， want governments to set much bigger （3） 第3页（共37页） at the next major conference on biodiversity in 2020． "We have to enormously（4） our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we（5） benefit from，" says Baillie． "The trends are in a （6） direction， it's just we have to move much faster．" It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem（7） ， the pair say， because there is so much we don't know about life on Earth ﹣ like how many species there are． （8） ， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected．Therefore，we， including governments，should be（9） when setting goals and strategies． "There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea（10） for conserving and retaining nature，"says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia． "Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal（11） of area needed to conserve biodiversity．" But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage． "The key thing is to protect the right areas，" says Jose Montoya of the Station for Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis， France． "If we （12） protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy， and that's usually areas of （13） biodiversity and ecosystem service provision．" In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14） ，Watson's team reported last month． So only（15） areas to be protected isn't enough． （1）A． stricter （2）A． unique （3）A． examples （4）A． increase （5）A． barely （6）A． opposite B． wider B． sufficient B． values B． achieve B． currently B． fixed C． safer C． critical C． awards C． lack C． roughly C． complex D． simpler D． fit D． objectives D． frustrate D． thoroughly D． positive 第4页（共37页） （7）A． approaches （8）A． Therefore （9）A． concerned （10）A． deserted （11）A． damage （12）A． completely （13）A． mass （14）A． exploited （15）A． developing SectionB B． management B． Furthermore B． changeable B． secured B． cost B． merely B． tropical B． expanded B． covering C． benefits C． However C． firm C． measured C． amount C． virtually C． marine C． restored C． declaring D． degradation D． Otherwise D． cautious D． distributed D． standard D． desperately D． low D． discovered D． utilizing 4．The summer I turned 16， my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible（敞篷车）． Beautifully repainted with V﹣8 engine﹣it was a gift wasted on me at that age． What did I know about classic cars？ The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down． Hannah was my best friend， a year younger but much taller， almost five foot ten． "Hannah's going to be something，" my mother always said． And sure enough， that summer she signed with a modeling agency． She was already doing catalog and runway work． A month after my birthday， Hannah and I went to the movies． On the way home， we stopped at the McDonald's drive﹣through， putting the fries on the seat between us to share． "Let's ride around awhile，" I said． It was a clear night， oven﹣warm， full moon cast low over the desert． Taking a curve too fast， I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side． I then cut through a neighbor's landscape wall and drove into a full﹣grown palm． The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk． French fries on the floor， the dash，and my lap． An impossible amount of blood on Hannah's face， pieces of skin hanging into her eyes． They took us in separate ambulances． In the emergency room， my parents spoke 第5页（共37页） quietly： Best plastic surgeon in the city． End of her modeling career． We'd been wearing leg belts， but the car didn't have shoulder bands． I'd damaged my cheekbone on the wheel； Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash． What would I say to her？ When her mother，Sharon， came into my hospital room， I started to cry， preparing myself for her anger． She sat beside me and took my hand． "I hit my best friend's car in the rear when I was your age，" she said． "I wrecked her car and mine．" "I'm so sorry，" I said．"You're both alive，" she said． "The rest is windowdressing．" I started to protest， and Sharon stopped me． "I forgive you． Hannah will too．" Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer， to stay friends throughout high school and college， to be in each other's weddings， and to watch my four teenagers get along with her three younger children． I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong． And whenever I see Hannah， the scars are so faded that no one else would notice，but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer（微光）just below her hairline﹣for me， a sign of grace． （1）Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage？ A． She was not as badly injured as the author． B． She never really forgave me though her mother did． C． She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident． D． She could have been a model if she hadn't experienced the accident． （2）In paragraph 4， "window dressing" is closest in meaning to " "． A． insignificant B． colorful C． undetermined D． hopeful （3）According to the passage， Sharon comforted the author by ． A． showing her own scar B． mentioning her own story C． visiting the author in person 第6页（共37页） D． teaching the author a personal lesson （4）Which of the following might be the best title of the article？ A． A Graceful Friend B． A Lasting Friendship C． A Lucky Car Accident D． The Gift of Forgiveness 5．Making these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition， energy， and mood today﹣and beyond． 6：00 a．m． STRETCH IN BED Try this even before you open your eyes． Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， and then your whole arm． Move on to the other arm． Then stretch your toes， feet，ankles， and legs． Finally， end with a neck and back stretch that propels you out of bed． You've just limbered up your muscles and joints and enhanced blood flow throughout your body， providing a shot of oxygen to all your tissues． Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch． According to Harvard University psychologist Amy Cuddy， this display of power is typical of a bold person， making you feel more confident all day long． 7：00 a．m． EXERCISE A BIT﹣ON AN EMPTY STOMACH Working out before you eat， researchers say， encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates from food． In a Journal of Physiology study， participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight （as did a control group who didn't exercise）， but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not． Moreover， research from the University of Vermont shows that the mood﹣enhancing benefits of a 20﹣minute workout can last for 12 hours， a boost you'll want to enjoy all day long． BREAK YOUR FAST TWICE Breakfast is the most important meal of the day， so why not have two？ A study published 第7页（共37页） in the journal Pediatric Obesity tracked the weight and breakfast﹣eating patterns of 584 students over two years． They found that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts （one at home and one at school）． The sensible takeaway： If you eat more in the morning， you'll be less likely to snack at night， when it's harder to burn off calories． 8：00 a．m． SEEK OUT GOOD NEWS In a 2015 study， researchers asked one group of participants to watch just three minutes of positive，solutions﹣focused news （such as a video of a 70﹣year﹣old man who got his graduation certificate after failing the test dozens of times）． These participants were 27 percent more likely to report a few hours later that their day had been "happy" than people who watched negative news in the morning． Study author Gielan also cited substantial evidence that negative moods affect workplace performance． Voila! You've improved your state of mind， your health， and your productivity﹣all before the weekday has even begun． Now you're ready to conquer your to﹣do list for today and every day． （1）The article is written to ． A． give professional guidance on keeping fit B． reveal some research results about health C． put forward several suggestions for morning routines D． offer some tips on how to improve workplace performance （2）It is suggested that you should occupy the entire bed when you stretch because it especially ． A． increases your confidence B． helps you out of bed easily C． stimulates your blood circulation D． has an effect on your overall health （3）Who is least likely to gain weight according to the article？ A． Those who skip breakfasts frequently． 第8页（共37页） B． Those who do morning stretching in bed． C． Those who have double breakfasts in the morning． D． Those who have their breakfast before morning exercise． 6．What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse﹣gas emissions？ Go vegetarian？ Replant the Amazon？ Cycle to work？ None of the above． The answer is： make air﹣conditioners radically better． On one calculation， replacing refrigerants（制冷剂） that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tons of CO2 by 2050． Making the units more energy﹣efficient could double that． Air﹣conditioning is one of the world's great overlooked industries． Automobiles and air﹣conditioners were invented at roughly the same time， and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work． Unlike cars， though， air﹣conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact， emissions or energy efficiency． Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use． Yet air﹣conditioning has done quite a lot of things to benefit humankind． It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world． In Europe，its spread has pushed down heat﹣related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003， when around 70，000 people， most of them elderly， died in a heatwave． For children， air﹣conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school． Environmentalists who call air﹣conditioning "a luxury we cannot afford" have half a point， however． In the next ten years， as many air﹣conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902（when air﹣conditioning was invented）and 2005． Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions， these extra machines will warm the world． At the moment， therefore， air﹣conditioners create a vicious cycle． The more the Earth warms， the more people need them． But the more there are， the warmer the world will be． Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things（beyond turning up the thermostat（温第9页（共37页） 度调节器）to make rooms less Arctic）． First， air﹣conditioners must become much more efficient． The most energy﹣efficient models on the market today consume only about one﹣third as much electricity as average ones． Minimum energy﹣performance standards need to be raised，or introduced in countries that lack them altogether， to push the average unit's performance closer to the standard of the best． Next，manufactures should stop using damaging refrigerants．One category of these，hydrofluorocarbons， is over 1，000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere． An international deal to phase out these pollutants， called the Kigali amendment， will come into force in 2019． Foot﹣draggers should approve and implement it；America is one country that has not done so． Last， more could be done to design offices， malls and even cities so they do not need as many air﹣ conditioners in the first place． More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade，or with natural air﹣circulation． Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down． Better machines are necessary． But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air﹣conditioners is to fulfill its promise to make people healthier，wealthier and wiser， without too high an environmental cost． Providing indoor shelters of air﹣conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world． （1）Why does the author think air﹣conditioning is an overlooked industry？ A． Because many hot countries haven't put the energy﹣controlling rules into force． B． Because it has caused the same impact on people's life and work as automobiles have． C． Because it has brought great economic， physical， and educational benefits to humans． D． Because it doesn't get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do． （2）What can we learn from Paragraph 4？ A． The price of air﹣conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it． B． A high environmental cost will come along with the air﹣conditioning service． C． Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world． D． Governments partially agree that air﹣conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford． 第10页（共37页） （3）With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling， which of the following statements is TRUE？ A． Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons． B． People should avoid turning up the air﹣conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days． C． People should adopt more environmentally﹣friendly materials when designing buildings． D． Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants． （4）The author writes this passage to ． A． arouse people's attention to the global warming B． appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming C． give credit to air﹣conditioning for its great contributions to humans D． offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gases emissions SectionC 7． Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（主张平等的） household． When it comes to parenting his three children， the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids． "My wife does 80%，" Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday． Gates spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre﹣law student， but never finished up his degree． "Myeldest graduates from Stanford in June， so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps，" Gates joked． （1） They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model． The core idea 第11页（共37页） of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control， essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．（2） Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach． "Can you get rid of the emotion？ You can't totally do it，" he said． Aside from ruling in hot﹣blooded parent tempers， the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids， but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are， not what they do （or don't） achieve， like a poor test score． "Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children，" Fay wrote on his site． " （3） " The model is a bit like the ideal method， in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems， instead of feeding them answers． （4） ． However， he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids． It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up． None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old． And they will each get about ﹩10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance，a mere fraction of the giant's roughly ﹩90 billion net worth． "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything， but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing，" Gates once told TED． IV.Summarywriting 8．Summary writing The life of a journalist can be exciting． To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to "where it is happening" as soon as possible． The goal， of course， is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible． However， every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening， but a true picture． Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place． Still， 第12页（共37页） this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation． In order to get to the truth in some news stories， a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation． Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider's name． The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed． Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity， reporting them becomes a dangerous job． This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this manner serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world． Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet． Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will obstruct（阻挠）justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider's name． Devotion has given journalism its reputation for reliability ﹣ a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth． Supplying a truthful account of each day's occurrences is the serious contract made between reporter and the public． I.Translations 9．嫌疑人已抓获，所有相关证据已移交警方． （concern） 10．众所周知，学习方法因人而异，适合你的不一定适合我． （necessarily） 11．我突然想到，我忘记提醒班长集合时间了，随即给他发了一个消息． （It） 12．学生表达自我的能力越强，他们就越可能在入学面试中脱颖而出，这促使了他们将练习演讲作为每日常规．（rule） II.Guidedwriting 13．高三毕业在即，我校《金苹果》英语报要征集同学交往中的印象深刻的事．请向报纸投稿，叙述你与同学交往中的一件令你印象深刻的事，并谈谈感悟．文中不能透露真实姓名． 第13页（共37页） 建平中学高三（上）期中英语试卷 参考答案与试题解析 II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA 1． The mama﹣bear instinct Ms． Angela McQueen， a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School， Illinois， has a routine when she's on lunch﹣monitoring duty． She （1） keeps （keep） an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈） around the school cafeteria． In September 2017， McQueen， then 40， had hardly finished one lap （2） when a 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun． She knew too well that he was going to start shooting． School employees（3） had been trained （train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability（4） to aim （aim）． So with the shooter's finger on the trigger， McQueen rushed to him． （5） Grabbing （grab） at his arm， she forced the gun into the air， but not （6） before he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another． As students ran for the exits， McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer， （7） who disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later． Afterward， McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students． "It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper． "I don't have kids of my own， but these are still‘（8） my ' kids．" （9） Thanks to McQueen， a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending． "If it hadn't been for her， the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference． As one （10） impressed （impress） student told CBS News， "Mr． McQueen is our heroine．" 【分析】本文讲述了发生在美国一所学校的枪击事件，幸运的是一位老师凭着"熊妈妈本能"制服了这个杀手，挽救了众多学生的生命． 第14页（共37页） 【解答】（1）．keeps； 考查谓语动词一般现在时． 本句讲述老师每天的工作内容，所以用一般现在时主语是第三人称单数． （2）．when；考查句型． 本句运用了had done sth． when 从句句型"刚做了…这时…"此句是"他还没走玩一圈，这时不远处一个青少年拔出了手枪" （3）．had been trained；考查过去完成时的被动语态．train是动词"培训" ，School employees（学校员工）与train是被动关系并且发生在枪击事件发生之前，所以用had been trained． （4）．to aim；考查动词不定式． 考查结构"…能力"（the ability to do sth．），aim是动词，所以填写to aim． （5）．Grabbing；考查现在分词短语． 此处是非谓语动词，逗号后是一个句子．grab"猛夺，拽"，动词．老师猛拽他胳膊，（同时）把他的枪甩到空中．所以用grabbing主动结构表示伴随，位于句首要用大写首字母． （6）．before；考查连词． 字面意思应该是：但是，在手枪击中一个学生的手之前，手枪没有飞上天空，也就是说：手枪击中一个学生的手和胸部并上到另一个学生之后，老师把手枪撞到空中． （7）．who；考查非限制性定语从句． disarmed，缴了…的枪械，动词，谓语，所以空格处填写who做定语从句的主语，指代人． （8）．my；考查形容词性物主代词． 根据句意：老师说"我自己没有孩子，但是这些孩子就是'我的'孩子"． （9）．Thanks to；考查词组． Thanks to：多亏 句意是：多亏了这位老师，全国很多学校发生的悲剧在这所学校是一个快乐的结局． （10）．impressed；考查过去分词当形容词用法． impressed是形容词来做student的定语，意为：一个（对枪击事件）印象深刻的学生说道… 【点评】首先要通读全文，了解大意，抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，仔细分析带空格的句子，明确空格所要填的词义，词型和短语搭配，给出所要填的正确形式，然后整体阅读短文，核对答案． SectionB 2．第15页（共37页） Photography is often perceived as an objective， and therefore unbiased， medium for documenting and preserving historic moments and national and world histories， and for visualizing and narrating news stories． But the choices made by a photographer ﹣ including how the image is （1） B ， what is left in or out of the frame， and how it may be cropped， edited， or otherwise altered after it is taken ﹣ introduce a point﹣of﹣view into the photograph and （2） E impact how we receive and understand images． Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of （3） A truth． Photographs can bear （4） F to history and even serve as catalysts（催化剂）for change． They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or，（5） C ， offer critical commentary on historical people， places， and events． Throughout the history of the medium， photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes﹣though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate． Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919，she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll， and she started photographing them． These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration（FSA）， formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers．Lange closely identified with the FSA's mission， which was to（6） D the effects of the Depression on Americans， bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur． Due in part to her work with the FSA， Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography， a （7） K she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work． Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother， Nipomo， California in 1936， while employed by the FSA program． In Nipomo， California， Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field workers whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops． Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later， she said， "I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother． I do not remember how I explained my（8） G or my camera to her， but I do remember she asked me no 第16页（共37页） questions． I made five exposures， working closer and closer from the same direction．" One photograph from that shoot， now known as Migrant Mother， was widely（9） I to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression． As Lange described Thompson's situation， "She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field． Yet they could not move on， for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food．" However，Thompson later （10） J Lange's account． When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s， she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other， nor did she sell the tires of her car． Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished（渲染） what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story． 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了摄影对反应映历史的影响，并以著名摄影师Dorothea Lange为例子来说明其影响． 【解答】1．B 考查动词含义及语态．首先，句意为"但是摄影师所做的选择﹣﹣包括图象如何创作、什么在镜框内什么在镜框之外、如何修剪编辑……"；其次，该空在be动词之后，所以该空只能填名词、形容词或分词，composed意为"构成，写作，创作"，与be动词构成被动结构．结合句意，故选B． 2．E 考查副词含义．首先，句意为"摄影师把某个观点引入到摄影作品里，这必然会影响我们如何接受和理解该摄影作品"；其次，该空需要一个副词来修饰impact，inevitably，意为"必然地，不可避免地"．结合句意，故选E． 3．A 考查形容词含义．首先，句意为"这样的考虑会引起一些关于我们如何心甘情愿地接受任何一幅反应最终真实结果的摄影作品的关键性问题"；其次，该空需要一个形容词来修饰truth，definitive，意为"最后的，决定性的，限定的"．结合句意，故选A． 4．F 考查名词含义．首先，句意为"摄影能支撑（即证明）历史的存在，甚至能充当变化的催化剂"；其次，该空需要一个名词来作bear的宾语，此处的bear为动词，意为"承受，承担，支撑"，presence意为"存在，出席，风度"．结合句意，故选F． 5．C 考查副词含义．首先，句意为"摄影作品能够培养同情心和增强意识，或者，就历史上的人物、地点或事件提供关键性的评论"；其次，or alternatively意为"或者"，alternatively意为"或者，二者择一地"．结合句意，故选C． 6．D 考查动词含义及to do．首先，句意为"这一任务将见证美国经济大萧条的影响"；其第17页（共37页） 次，该空需要一个动词来与to构成不定式，witness意为"见证，目击"．结合句意，故选D． 7．K 考查名词含义．首先，句意为"Lange被称作纪实摄影师﹣﹣一个她不喜欢的归类（因为她感觉这个术语不能反应给她工作带来热情的社会动机）"；其次，该空需要一个名词来作为a的修饰对象，classification意为"分类，归类，等级"．结合句意，故选K． 8．G 考查名词含义．首先，句意为"我不记得我是如何向她展示我的证件和相机了"；其次，该空需要一个名词作为my的修饰对象，document意为"文件，公文，证件"．结合句意，故选G． 9．I 考查固定短语．首先，句意为"被称作Migrant Mother的作品被流传到许多杂志和报刊"；其次，be circulated to…为固定短语，意为"流传到……，分发到……"．结合句意，故选I． 10．J 考查动词含义．首先，句意为"然而，后来Thompson对Lange的叙述有所质疑"；其次，该空需要一个动词来充当谓语，contest意为"质疑，争辩"，contested为一般过去形式．结合句意，故选J． 【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定． 第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择． III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA 3． Vast parts of Earth should be left wild To avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050， with a focus on areas of high biodiversity． So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science． This isn't just about saving biodiverse areas， says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society，one of the authors． It is also about saving ourselves by protecting （1） B natural systems， or ecosystems，and their benefits to us， known as ecosystem 第18页（共37页） services． "We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life． The forests， for example， are （2） C for absorbing and storing carbon，" says Baillie． At present， just 3.6 per cent of the planet's oceans and 14.7 per cent of land is protected by law． At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity， governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land by 2020． But this isn't nearly enough， says Baillie． In the editorial， he and his coauthor， Ya﹣Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， want governments to set much bigger （3） D at the next major conference on biodiversity in 2020． "We have to enormously（4） A our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we（5） B benefit from，" says Baillie． "The trends are in a （6） D direction， it's just we have to move much faster．" It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem（7） B ， the pair say， because there is so much we don't know about life on Earth ﹣ like how many species there are． （8） C ， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected．Therefore，we， including governments，should be（9） A when setting goals and strategies． "There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea（10） B for conserving and retaining nature，"says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia． "Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal（11） C of area needed to conserve biodiversity．" But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage． "The key thing is to protect the right areas，" says Jose Montoya of the Station for Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis， France． "If we （12） B protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy， and that's usually areas of （13） D biodiversity and ecosystem service provision．" In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14） A ，Watson's team reported last month． So only（15） C areas to be protected isn't enough． 第19页（共37页） （1）A． stricter （2）A． unique （3）A． examples （4）A． increase （5）A． barely （6）A． opposite （7）A． approaches （8）A． Therefore （9）A． concerned （10）A． deserted （11）A． damage （12）A． completely （13）A． mass （14）A． exploited （15）A． developing B． wider B． sufficient B． values B． achieve B． currently B． fixed B． management B． Furthermore B． changeable B． secured B． cost B． merely B． tropical B． expanded B． covering C． safer C． critical C． awards C． lack C． roughly C． complex C． benefits C． However C． firm C． measured C． amount C． virtually C． marine C． restored C． declaring D． simpler D． fit D． objectives D． frustrate D． thoroughly D． positive D． degradation D． Otherwise D． cautious D． distributed D． standard D． desperately D． low D． discovered D． utilizing 【分析】本文主要讲述为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区． 【解答】1﹣10 BCDAB DBCAB 11﹣15 CBDAC 1．B．形容词辨析．根据上文 To avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050， with a focus on areas of high biodiversity可知为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区，说明我们应该保护更宽广的（wider）自然生态系统个，故选B． 2．C．形容词辨析．本句The forests， for example， are （2）for absorbing and storing carbon，" says Baillie．句意是例如，森林对于吸收和储存碳是至关重要的（critical），"Baillie说．故选C． 第20页（共37页） 3．D．名词辨析．根据下文when setting goals and strategies．可知在设定目标和策略时．说明我们应该设定更大的目标（objective），故选D． 4．A．动词辨析．本句We have to enormously（4）our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we（5）benefit from，" 可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加（increase）我们的雄心壮志，"故选A． 5．B．副词辨析．本句We have to enormously（4）our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we（5）benefit from，" 可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前（currently）受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加我们的雄心壮志，"故选B． 6．D．形容词辨析．根据下句 it's just we have to move much faster．"可知只是我们必须加快行动．"说明现在正朝着积极的（positive）方向前进，故选D． 7．B．名词辨析．本句It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem（7）， 句意是很难确定需要多少空间来保护生物多样性和生态系统管理（management），故选B． 8．C．副词辨析．本句because there is so much we don't know about life on Earth ﹣ like how many species there are． （8）， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected．句意是因为有太多我们不了解地球上的生命 ﹣ 就像有多少物种一样．但是，大多数估计表明应该保护25%到75%的高生物多样性地区或主要生态系统．上下句是转折关系，故选C． 9．A．形容词辨析．本句Therefore，we， including governments，should be（9）when setting goals and strategies．句意是因此，在制定目标和战略时，我们（包括政府）都应该关注（concerned）．故选A． 10．B．动词辨析．本句There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea（10）for conserving and retaining nature，"句意是毫无疑问，我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，"故选B． 11．C．名词辨析．根据上句There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea可知我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，本句是指的最少量（amount）的土地和海洋，故选C． 12．B．副词辨析．本句"If we （12）protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy， and that's usually areas of （13）biodiversity and ecosystem service 第21页（共37页） provision．"句意是"如果我们只是（merely）保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的地区．"故选B． 13．D．形容词辨析．本句"If we （12）protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect what's easy， and that's usually areas of （13）biodiversity and ecosystem service provision．"句意是"如果我们只是保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的（low）地区．"故选D． 14．A．动词辨析．本句In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14），Watson's team reported last month．句意是事实上，已经意图受到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削（exploited），Watson的团队上个月报告说．故选A． 15．C．动词辨析．根据上句In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14），可知事实上，已经意图受到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削，说明因此，仅声明要保护的区域是不够的．故选C． 【点评】完型填空题的命题趋势 解题步骤： 1．通读全文，理解大意．重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础． 2．瞻前顾后，避难就易．在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题．对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗． 3．复读全文，解决残敌．借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题． 4．再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯． SectionB 4．The summer I turned 16， my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible（敞篷车）． Beautifully repainted with V﹣8 engine﹣it was a gift wasted on me at that age． What did I know about classic cars？ The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the 第22页（共37页） top down． Hannah was my best friend， a year younger but much taller， almost five foot ten． "Hannah's going to be something，" my mother always said． And sure enough， that summer she signed with a modeling agency． She was already doing catalog and runway work． A month after my birthday， Hannah and I went to the movies． On the way home， we stopped at the McDonald's drive﹣through， putting the fries on the seat between us to share． "Let's ride around awhile，" I said． It was a clear night， oven﹣warm， full moon cast low over the desert． Taking a curve too fast， I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side． I then cut through a neighbor's landscape wall and drove into a full﹣grown palm． The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk． French fries on the floor， the dash，and my lap． An impossible amount of blood on Hannah's face， pieces of skin hanging into her eyes． They took us in separate ambulances． In the emergency room， my parents spoke quietly： Best plastic surgeon in the city． End of her modeling career． We'd been wearing leg belts， but the car didn't have shoulder bands． I'd damaged my cheekbone on the wheel； Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash． What would I say to her？ When her mother，Sharon， came into my hospital room， I started to cry， preparing myself for her anger． She sat beside me and took my hand． "I hit my best friend's car in the rear when I was your age，" she said． "I wrecked her car and mine．" "I'm so sorry，" I said．"You're both alive，" she said． "The rest is windowdressing．" I started to protest， and Sharon stopped me． "I forgive you． Hannah will too．" Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer， to stay friends throughout high school and college， to be in each other's weddings， and to watch my four teenagers get along with her three younger children． I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong． And whenever I see Hannah， the scars are so faded that no one else would notice，but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer（微光）just below her hairline﹣for me， a sign of grace． 第23页（共37页） （1）Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage？ D A． She was not as badly injured as the author． B． She never really forgave me though her mother did． C． She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident． D． She could have been a model if she hadn't experienced the accident． （2）In paragraph 4， "window dressing" is closest in meaning to " A "． A． insignificant B． colorful C． undetermined D． hopeful （3）According to the passage， Sharon comforted the author by B ． A． showing her own scar B． mentioning her own story C． visiting the author in person D． teaching the author a personal lesson （4）Which of the following might be the best title of the article？ D A． A Graceful Friend B． A Lasting Friendship C． A Lucky Car Accident D． The Gift of Forgiveness 【分析】作者开车带朋友汉娜出去玩，却发生车祸，两人都受了严重的伤，但是通过这件事作者学会原谅的力量． 【解答】1．D．细节理解题．根据第四段的Best plastic surgeon in the city． End of her modeling career．可知，如果不是这次车祸，汉娜可能或做模特．故选D． 2．A．词义猜测题．根据划线词前面的句子．"You're both alive，" she said．可知，你们都活着，其它事情都不重要．故选A． 3．B．细节理解题．根据第五段的"I hit my best friend's car in the rear when I was your age，" she said． "I wrecked her car and mine．" 可知，Sharon讲述自己的故事安慰作者．故选B． 4．D．标题判断题．根据最后一段的I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted 第24页（共37页） to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong．可知，作者通过一个车祸学会原谅，The Gift of Forgiveness是最好的标题．故选D． 【点评】阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断． 5．Making these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition， energy， and mood today﹣and beyond． 6：00 a．m． STRETCH IN BED Try this even before you open your eyes． Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， and then your whole arm． Move on to the other arm． Then stretch your toes， feet，ankles， and legs． Finally， end with a neck and back stretch that propels you out of bed． You've just limbered up your muscles and joints and enhanced blood flow throughout your body， providing a shot of oxygen to all your tissues． Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch． According to Harvard University psychologist Amy Cuddy， this display of power is typical of a bold person， making you feel more confident all day long． 7：00 a．m． EXERCISE A BIT﹣ON AN EMPTY STOMACH Working out before you eat， researchers say， encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates from food． In a Journal of Physiology study， participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight （as did a control group who didn't exercise）， but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not． Moreover， research from the University of Vermont shows that the mood﹣enhancing benefits of a 20﹣minute workout can last for 12 hours， a boost you'll want to enjoy all day long． BREAK YOUR FAST TWICE Breakfast is the most important meal of the day， so why not have two？ A study published in the journal Pediatric Obesity tracked the weight and breakfast﹣eating patterns of 584 第25页（共37页） students over two years． They found that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts （one at home and one at school）． The sensible takeaway： If you eat more in the morning， you'll be less likely to snack at night， when it's harder to burn off calories． 8：00 a．m． SEEK OUT GOOD NEWS In a 2015 study， researchers asked one group of participants to watch just three minutes of positive，solutions﹣focused news （such as a video of a 70﹣year﹣old man who got his graduation certificate after failing the test dozens of times）． These participants were 27 percent more likely to report a few hours later that their day had been "happy" than people who watched negative news in the morning． Study author Gielan also cited substantial evidence that negative moods affect workplace performance． Voila! You've improved your state of mind， your health， and your productivity﹣all before the weekday has even begun． Now you're ready to conquer your to﹣do list for today and every day． （1）The article is written to C ． A． give professional guidance on keeping fit B． reveal some research results about health C． put forward several suggestions for morning routines D． offer some tips on how to improve workplace performance （2）It is suggested that you should occupy the entire bed when you stretch because it especially A ． A． increases your confidence B． helps you out of bed easily C． stimulates your blood circulation D． has an effect on your overall health （3）Who is least likely to gain weight according to the article？ C A． Those who skip breakfasts frequently． B． Those who do morning stretching in bed． 第26页（共37页） C． Those who have double breakfasts in the morning． D． Those who have their breakfast before morning exercise． 【分析】文章介绍了适合早晨的四个生活习惯：床上伸展运动；适当空胃练习法；两次早餐法；心想好事法． 【解答】（1）﹣﹣﹣（3）CAC （1）．C．归纳判断题．根据文章中第一句中的your morning schedule 以及三个时间6：00 a．m．STRETCH IN BED，7：00 a．m．EXERCISE A BIT﹣ON AN EMPTY STOMACH，8：00 a．m．SEEK OUT GOOD NEWS可以看出：本文提出了三个每天早晨的活动内容．故选C． （2）．A．细节理解题．根据文章中第二部分第六，七句Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch（伸展的时候要占满整个床）． …this display of power is typical of a bold person， making you feel more confident all day long（这个姿势是勇敢的人独有的，所以会让你全天信心满满），所以应该选择A． 3）．C．细节理解题．根据文章第三段Breakfast is the most important meal of the day， so why not have two（早餐是一天中重要的一餐）？ A study …nd that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts （one at home and one at school）（研究表明经常不吃早餐的人相比那些吃两顿早餐"家里和学校"更容易增重或者说变胖）可知：最不可能增重的是每天吃两顿早餐．故选C． 【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作答． 6．What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse﹣gas emissions？ Go vegetarian？ Replant the Amazon？ Cycle to work？ None of the above． The answer is： make air﹣conditioners radically better． On one calculation， replacing refrigerants（制冷剂） that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tons of CO2 by 2050． Making the units more energy﹣efficient could double that． Air﹣conditioning is one of the world's great overlooked industries． Automobiles and air第27页（共37页） ﹣conditioners were invented at roughly the same time， and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work． Unlike cars， though， air﹣conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact， emissions or energy efficiency． Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use． Yet air﹣conditioning has done quite a lot of things to benefit humankind． It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world． In Europe，its spread has pushed down heat﹣related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003， when around 70，000 people， most of them elderly， died in a heatwave． For children， air﹣conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school． Environmentalists who call air﹣conditioning "a luxury we cannot afford" have half a point， however． In the next ten years， as many air﹣conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902（when air﹣conditioning was invented）and 2005． Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions， these extra machines will warm the world． At the moment， therefore， air﹣conditioners create a vicious cycle． The more the Earth warms， the more people need them． But the more there are， the warmer the world will be． Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things（beyond turning up the thermostat（温度调节器）to make rooms less Arctic）． First， air﹣conditioners must become much more efficient． The most energy﹣efficient models on the market today consume only about one﹣third as much electricity as average ones． Minimum energy﹣performance standards need to be raised，or introduced in countries that lack them altogether， to push the average unit's performance closer to the standard of the best． Next，manufactures should stop using damaging refrigerants．One category of these，hydrofluorocarbons， is over 1，000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere． An international deal to phase out these pollutants， called the Kigali amendment， will come into force in 2019． Foot﹣draggers should approve and implement 第28页（共37页） it；America is one country that has not done so． Last， more could be done to design offices， malls and even cities so they do not need as many air﹣ conditioners in the first place． More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade，or with natural air﹣circulation． Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down． Better machines are necessary． But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air﹣conditioners is to fulfill its promise to make people healthier，wealthier and wiser， without too high an environmental cost． Providing indoor shelters of air﹣conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world． （1）Why does the author think air﹣conditioning is an overlooked industry？ D A． Because many hot countries haven't put the energy﹣controlling rules into force． B． Because it has caused the same impact on people's life and work as automobiles have． C． Because it has brought great economic， physical， and educational benefits to humans． D． Because it doesn't get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do． （2）What can we learn from Paragraph 4？ B A． The price of air﹣conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it． B． A high environmental cost will come along with the air﹣conditioning service． C． Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world． D． Governments partially agree that air﹣conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford． （3）With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling， which of the following statements is TRUE？ C A． Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons． B． People should avoid turning up the air﹣conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days． C． People should adopt more environmentally﹣friendly materials when designing buildings． D． Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants． （4）The author writes this passage to D ． A． arouse people's attention to the global warming B． appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming C． give credit to air﹣conditioning for its great contributions to humans 第29页（共37页） D． offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gases emissions 【分析】文章主要介绍如何普及空调的好处，同时又不让地球升温． 【解答】1．D．细节理解题．根据第三段的Unlike cars， though， air﹣conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact， emissions or energy efficiency． 可知，因为它没有象汽车那样因为对环境影响得到应有的批评．故选D． 2．B．推理判断题．根据第四段的Environmentalists who call air﹣conditioning "a luxury we cannot afford" have half a point，可知，空调服务将带来高的环境成本．故选B． 3．C．细节理解题．根据第四段的 Last， more could be done to design offices， malls and even cities so they do not need as many air﹣ conditioners in the first place． More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade，or with natural air﹣circulation．可知人们在设计建筑的时候，应该采取更环保的材料．故选C． 4．D．主旨大意题．根据全文和第一段的Amazon？ Cycle to work？ None of the above． The answer is： make air﹣conditioners radically better．可知文章提供一个新视角关于怎么减少温室气体排放．故选D． 【点评】阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断． SectionC 7． Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（主张平等的） household． When it comes to parenting his three children， the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids． "My wife does 80%，" Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday． Gates 第30页（共37页） spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre﹣law student， but never finished up his degree． "Myeldest graduates from Stanford in June， so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps，" Gates joked． （1） F They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model． The core idea of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control， essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．（2） B Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach． "Can you get rid of the emotion？ You can't totally do it，" he said． Aside from ruling in hot﹣blooded parent tempers， the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids， but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are， not what they do （or don't） achieve， like a poor test score． "Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children，" Fay wrote on his site． " （3） D " The model is a bit like the ideal method， in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems， instead of feeding them answers． （4） C ． However， he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids． It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up． None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old． And they will each get about ﹩10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance，a mere fraction of the giant's roughly ﹩90 billion net worth． "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything， but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing，" Gates once told TED． 【分析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了比尔•盖茨应该算是世界上最成功的人了，拥有成功人生的他是如何培养和教育自己的下一代的呢？盖茨日前透露，他对子女贯行的教育方法是"爱和逻辑"，也就是控制父母的情绪反应，多赞美孩子本身而不是依靠物质第31页（共37页） 奖励，引导孩子自己去解决问题． 【解答】FBDC 1．F．理解判断题．根据后文They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model． The core idea of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control， essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．可知比尔•盖茨表示，他们遵循上世纪70年代的"爱和逻辑"教育模式．它的核心理念是情绪控制，即最大程度地减少情绪反应，如大喊大叫、训斥孩子．F项：Gates said he and his wife have been quite deliberate about the model they've used to raise their three children．盖茨夫妇育有三个子女，他们夫妇二人对孩子的教育模式非常慎重．符合文意，故选F． 2．B．联系上下文．根据前文They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model． The core idea of the philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control， essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids．可知比尔•盖茨表示，他们遵循上世纪70年代的"爱和逻辑"教育模式．它的核心理念是情绪控制，即最大程度地减少情绪反应，如大喊大叫、训斥孩子．根据后文Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach． 可知盖茨承认，他和妻子在实践这种教育法时做得并不完美．B项：One of the greatest benefits of applying Love and Logic is that it helps us learn how to keep a tighter leash on our emotions and on our tongues．应用爱和逻辑教育的最大益处之一是能帮助我们学习如何控制情绪和语言．符合文意，故选B． 3．D．语境辨析题．根据前文"Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children，" Fay wrote on his site． "可知费伊在他的网站上写道："许多非常成功的人小时候成绩并不好"．D项：What's most important is that our children develop good character， curiosity， and problem﹣solving skills．最重要的是使孩子具备良好的品格、好奇心和解决问题的技巧．符合文意，故选D． 4．C．文章衔接题．根据后文However， he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids．可知但他希望为自己的孩子做点不一样的事情．C项：Gates says the "Love and Logic" method is a far cry from the way he grew up．盖茨表示，"爱和逻辑"教育法和他自己的成长经历相距甚远．符合文意，故选C． 【点评】对于此类题型的解答，可以将整个文段首先浏览一遍，大概理解意思．答题过程中，根据所提供的答语或是后文进行作答，同时，做题过程中也可以使用排除法，将选项第32页（共37页） 带到文章中逐一的作答，答完后注意通读检查是否符合逻辑，语义顺畅． IV.Summarywriting 8．Summary writing The life of a journalist can be exciting． To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to "where it is happening" as soon as possible． The goal， of course， is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible． However， every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening， but a true picture． Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place． Still， this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation． In order to get to the truth in some news stories， a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation． Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider's name． The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed． Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity， reporting them becomes a dangerous job． This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this manner serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world． Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet． Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will obstruct（阻挠）justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider's name． Devotion has given journalism its reputation for reliability ﹣ a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth． Supplying a truthful account of each day's occurrences is the serious contract made between reporter and the public． 【分析】高分句型一：Exciting as it is to be a journalist， every journalist must take care to report what happened vividly． 译文：虽然作记者是令人兴奋的事情，每个记者必须注意生动地报告发生的事情． 分析：这句话使用as引导让步状语从句． 高分句型二：A reporter must depend on the statements of whoever is on the scene， so as to 第33页（共37页） get to the truth in some news stories． 译文：记者必须依靠在现场的人的陈述，才能在一些新闻报道中了解真相． 分析：介词of后面接whoever引导的宾语从句． 【解答】Exciting as it is to be a journalist， every journalist must take care to report what happened vividly． 【高分句型一】（主题） Besides， they should be followed by a true picture． （要点一）A reporter must depend on the statements of whoever is on the scene， so as to get to the truth in some news stories．（要点二） It is devotion that has given journalism its reputation for reliability．（要点三） 【点评】这是一篇概要类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果． I.Translations 9．嫌疑人已抓获，所有相关证据已移交警方． （concern） The suspect has been arrested， and all the concerning evidence has been transferred to the police． 【分析】嫌疑人已抓获，所有相关证据已移交警方． 【解答】答案：The suspect has been arrested， and all the concerning evidence has been transferred to the police． 考查形容词，相关的，有关的：concerning，嫌疑人：suspect，根据汉语提示，使用现在完成时，并且注意使用被动． 【点评】汉译英基本步骤 1．理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义 2．翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词 3．审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等．发现错误，及时改正． 10．众所周知，学习方法因人而异，适合你的不一定适合我． （necessarily） As we all know， learning method varies from person to person， so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me． 第34页（共37页） 【分析】As we all know， learning method varies from person to person， so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me． 【解答】As we all know， learning method varies from person to person， so what is suitable for you may not necessarily suit me． 这是对学习方法的一种主观评价，所以使用一般现在时． 首先，翻译时使用as引导一个非限制性定语从句，vary from person to person因人而异；so引导一个结果状语从句，not necessarily未必． 【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺． 11．我突然想到，我忘记提醒班长集合时间了，随即给他发了一个消息． （It） It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering，so I left him a short message． 【分析】It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering，so I left him a short message． 【解答】It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind the monitor of the time for gathering，so I left him a short message． 这是对过去事实的陈述，所以使用一般过去时． 结合句子的意思和括号中的代词it可知，翻译时需要使用句型it occurred to me that我突然想起……；it为形式主语，that引导一个主语从句，remind sb of sth意为"提醒某人某物"，最后使用so引导一个结果状语从句． 【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺． 12．学生表达自我的能力越强，他们就越可能在入学面试中脱颖而出，这促使了他们将练习演讲作为每日常规．（rule） The stronger the students' ability to express themselves， the more likely they are to stand out in the entrance interview， which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day． 【分析】The stronger the students' ability to express themselves， the more likely they are to stand out in the entrance interview， which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day． 【解答】The stronger the students' ability to express themselves， the more likely they are to 第35页（共37页） stand out in the entrance interview， which makes it a rule for them to practice speaking every day． 这是对学生个人能力的一种客观评价，所以使用一般现在时． 翻译时需要使用句式结构the+比较级，the+比较级，用来表达"越……越……"；be likely to do sth可能会做某事．而make it a rule for sb to do某人做某事成功常规． 【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺． II.Guidedwriting 13．高三毕业在即，我校《金苹果》英语报要征集同学交往中的印象深刻的事．请向报纸投稿，叙述你与同学交往中的一件令你印象深刻的事，并谈谈感悟．文中不能透露真实姓名． 【分析】高分句型一：She is the best friend I've made in the class， who is always there for me when I am in need of help． 译文：她是我在班上交的最好的朋友，当我需要帮助的时候，她总是在那里． 分析：who引导非限制性定语从句，when引导时间状语从句． 高分句型二：From her， I learnt that the only way to beat difficulties is keeping trying instead of complaining． 译文：从她身上，我学到战胜困难的唯一方法是不断尝试，而不是抱怨． 分析：that引导宾语从句，不定式作定语修饰the only way． 【解答】I have met a lot of people in my school life． One of them is my good friend Emma． She is the best friend I've made in the class， who is always there for me when I am in need of help． 【高分句型一】（遇到最好的朋友） Recently， I found myself getting upset easily．I often complained about the stress and even couldn't concentrate on studies． Emma noticed my problem and spent two hours with me one day， talking about her own stress and how she was dealing with difficulties．From her， I learnt that the only way to beat difficulties is keeping trying instead of complaining． 【高分句型二】 And I felt much more confident to fight against them together with Emma．（印象深刻的事情） "A friend in need is a friend indeed"． A good friend is one who makes you happy when you are crying and strong when you are giving in， and that is Emma to me．（感想） 第36页（共37页） 【点评】这是一篇话题类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果． 第37页（共37页） 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/06fd69fb30d4b14e852458fb770bf78a65293ace.html
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2022-08-19
