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2020-2021学年上海市松江区上海师范大学附属外国语中学高三上学期10月月考考试英语试卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. United for vaccine Humans are no strangers to widespread viruses and 21_____ ____ a vaccine is developed, it gives us hope for the future. Now, the world is waiting for a vaccine to combat COVID-19. Scientists worldwide 22________(roll) up their sleeves to work toward an effective novel coronavirus vaccine. Under the coordination of the World Health Organization(WHO), up to 172 countries have been engaging with the "largest and 23 ______ (diverse) COVID-19 vaccine portfolio" an initiative known as the COVAX Global Vaccines Facility COVAX is "a mechanism for joint procurement and pooling risk across multiple vaccines.”When a vaccine is proven to be safe and effective, all countries 24_____ the facility will be able to access it, according to Xinhua. The initiative aims to ensure that all countries, 25 ____ _____ _____ their economic status is, can get the vaccine in a timely manner when one is available. It also makes sure that prices will be kept as low as possible. "A number of vaccines are now in the final stage of clinical trials,”said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Aug 24,26 _______(add) that the goal of COVAX is to deliver at least two billion doses of vaccines by the end of 2021. According to the WHO, at present, nine potential vaccines that are part of the portfolio. 27 _____________(guarantee) the equal access and fair allocation of COVID-19 vaccines, the WHO has said that the world needs to prevent vaccine nationalism-countries putting their own interests ahead of 28_______ in trying to secure supplies of a possible vaccine. “Vaccine nationalism only helps the virus,”Tedros warned that it would lead to a prolonged pandemic 29____ only a small number of countries got most of the supply. “Like an orchestra, we need all instruments to be played in harmony to create music that everyone enjoys,”he said. Vaccine development looks promising, 30______ several countries have made substantial progress. Russia began production of its first batch of a COVID-19 vaccine on Aug 15, according to its health ministry. It’s the world’s first registered vaccine. Four Chinese vaccine candidates have started international phase-3 clinical trails. 【答案】 Each time; have been rolling; most diverse; in; no matter how; adding; to strengthen; others; if; as/since. Section B A. commitments B. prime C. dependants D.drastically E.sprung F.domestic G. affordable H.pack I.striking J. jogging K.reproducing Every day, women from underdeveloped countries like India, Mexico and the Philippines 31_____ their bags and leave their homes, families and communities in order to take up new positions as care workers in wealthier parts of the world. Whether these women find work in nurseries, day-care centres, homes or hospitals, looking after children, the elderly, the ill or disabled, they all have one thing in common – they are part of what many researchers now call the “care economy”. The care economy is not a new phenomenon but it has 32_____ on a global scale in the last twenty years. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of international migrants increased by 14 percent with a growing proportion of these women now travelling independently for their own employment and not as 33______ of their husbands. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has called this growth in women's trans-national labour migration “one of the most 34______ economic and social phenomena of recent times”. This development can be seen as a result of two factors. The first is a multitude of demographic changes in wealthier countries since World War II. Middle-class women have entered the labour force en masse and workers have been 35______ more and more hours at the office every week. In addition, people in these countries are now living longer and 36______ at a slower rate, meaning populations across the developed world are steadily aging. All of these changes have resulted in a larger demand for care services at a time when the working population is too besieged with other 37_______ to provide this care on a voluntary basis. In developing countries, the story is very different. Many societies have youthful populations in the 38 _______ of their working lives, but suffer from low wages and high unemployment, and women are often the last in line to get work. Even when good jobs are available, they often cannot compete with the salaries offered in developed countries. A fully trained and qualified nurse may earn less working at a hospital in the Philippines, for example, than she would as a 39________ carer for a family in Los Angeles. It is easy to see why the care economy has developed at such a pace – it provides job opportunities for large numbers of unemployed women in developing countries, and 40________ care for stressed, busy families in the developed world. 【答案】 HECIJ; KABFG III. Reading Comprehension(45%) Section A(每小题1分,共15分) Almost 250,000 public sector workers could lose their jobs to robots over the next 15 years, according to a new report which (41)________machines would be more efficient and save billions of pounds. Reform, a right-of-centre think tank, says websites and artificial intelligence"chat bots"could replace up to 90% of Whitehall's administrators, as well as tens of thousands in the NHS and GPs’ Surgeries, by 2030---(42)_________as much as £4bn a year. Even nurses and doctors could (43)________victim to the march of the machines, which the report says can (44)________ humans at some diagnoses and routine (45)________ procedures, and are efficient at collecting information. The report argues that public services should become more flexible by (46)________a gig economy where workers support themselves through a variety of flexible jobs acquired through online platforms. In remarks that seem set to infuriate unions, a Reform press release says: "Public services can become the next Uber, using the gig economy to employ (47)________ doctors and supply teachers.” Few complex roles, it suggests, will be able to resist the move towards (48)________ with the aim that public services will eventually become "diamond-shaped, "as both frontline and strategic roles are replaced by computers. Twenty percent of public-sector workers hold strategic, "cognitive roles, "it says. "They will use data analytics to (49)________ patterns--improving decisions-making and allocating workers most efficiently. “The NHS, for example, can focus on the highest risk patients, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions. UK police and other (50)________services are already using data to predict areas of greatest risk from burglary and fire.” Such “contingent labor” platforms, it says, could suit hospitals and schools as an alternative to traditional agency models, as well as organizations which experience seasonal (51)________ in demand such as HMRC(英国税务局) at the end of the tax year. Reform also calls for a/an (52)________ towards a more private sector-style organizational culture, suggesting that "shared kitchens and feedback boards [will] enable the spontaneous interactions that will support a new culture of public service innovation.” The new approach to recruitment would bring the profile of public sector workers closer to that of the private sector, which has three times as many under-24s in its workforce. The report also(53)________ the scope for increased automation in policing through crowd-monitoring drones and facial recognition technology, although it acknowledges the concerns involved in holding people’s (54)________. Alexander Hitchcock, the report's co-author, said: "Such a rapid advance in the use of technology may seem controversial and any job losses must be handled (55)________.But the result would be public services that are better, safer, smarter and more affordable.” 41. A. explains 42. A. Saving 43. A. Intrude 44. A. Outface B. claims B. costing B. access C. exclaims D. coins D. making D. fall C. spending C. lose B. outperform B. criminal C. outfit D. outlast D. scientific 45. A. Administrative C. surgical 46. A. Embracing 47. A. Professional 48. A. Destruction 49. A. Develop 50. A. National 51. A. Peaks 52. A. Attitudes 53. A. Alters 54. A. Officials B. manipulating B. dedicated B. organization B. identify C. wrecking C. temporary C. automation C. changes D. rescuing D. temperate D. privatization D. start D. emergency D. holidays D. transportation D. means D. images D. casually B. community B. declines B. shift C. domestic C. falls C. consideration C. neglects C. agents B. highlights B. servants B. sensibly 55. A. Sensitively C. carelessly 【答案】BADBC ACCBD ABBDA Section B (每小题2分,共22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. （A） Some New Yorkers spend their morning train ride playing Candy Crush or trying to doze. Then there is Natalie Jaeger, master of the productive commute(通勤) "In a city as busy as New York City, every moment counts, "she says. MsJaeger leaves her home in Bushwic, Brooklyn, listening to a lengthy NPR news podcast on her phone. Upon boarding the L train, she keeps the podcast going while reviewing the day's appointments and devoting five minutes each to news- letters about venture-capital and marketing topics. “A big part of my job is staying on top of the latest trends when it comes to business and markets,” says Ms Jaeger, a marketing director for fintech startup Zoe Financial Inc. Transferring at Union Square to take the N or Q uptown, she uses her wait to respond to Slack messages and emails, while keeping an ear tuned to the podcast. She then cracks a book: currently, Fearless Leadership by Carey Lohrenz. Disembarking at 34th Street, Ms, Jaeger orders coffee on her Starbucks app and uses the walk from the train to the cafe to her office to call a friend or family member. "You’d be surprised how much you can pack into a 10-minute window, "she says. According to a national survey by driving -tests. org, a driver-education platform, most workers use their commuting time to relax. On public transportation, one-third listen to music and 29 read books or magazines. But there is a minority --8%-determined to get as much done as possible. Colette Coleman, a business- development director at a startup, has a 45- minute walking commute from the Lower East Side to Union Square, and there is little she can't accomplish along the way. She speed-walks while doing light muscle work and listening to audiobooks on topics such as product management and search-engine optimization, while practicing mindful breathing techniques. And when she stops at an intersection, she often checks her email and taps out a quick response."It's fun to get that dopamine hit if I'm at a stoplight, "she says, " I can't resist. Driving- tests. org says the average commuter who works while in transit gives their employer more than $1,500 of personal time annually. But those commuters also report feeling more content and less stressed on the job. One possible explanation:People who love their job are inclined to work after hours. Another possibility: They are crazy! 56. Which of the following about Ms. Jaeger is true according to the passage? A. She is a trendy person keen on the latest news of fashion B. She makes the most of every minute on her way to work. C. She gets everything ready for her work on the non-stop train. D. She is among one of the most productive workers in her company. 57. In this passage, the word"cracks"(paragraph 5 ) is closest in meaning to “____________”. A. puts out B. takes back C. binds up D. skims through 58. What can be inferred from the national survey conducted by driving -tests. org? A. It remains unclear why working during their commute works well for some people B. The majority of employees choose to relax on their way to work C.Those who work during their commute tend to earn more than those who don't. D. The way people commute is related to how they feel at work 59. Which of the following can best serve as the title for the passage? A. New Yorkers Differ in Their Ways of Commuting B. Commuters Stretch the Workday Beyond 9 to 5 C. Public Transportation Attracts Commuters D. Commuters Multitask for Early Promotion 【答案】BDAB (B) Detailed Guidance on Analytical Features The definition of an analytical feature Hard news is the kind of fast-paced news that usually appears in newspapers,magazines and some other media. Because each story is only relevant for a short time,writing must be concise and without excessive detail. Like a hard news story,an analytical feature also appears in newspapers,magazines or on the internet. However,an analytical feature covers a topic in some depth. It examines important issues or events in detail,provides more interpretation and background information for readers than hard news. Writing an analytical feature means looking for patterns,motives and outcomes that explain the event,issue or problem. An analytical feature should be based on an investigation of documents in the public domain (archives,libraries,scholarships,local offices) and interview with people with knowledge related to the topic. A Step-by-step guide to feature writing 1. Select a topic. 2. Make a list of preliminary questions to establish what needs to be known about the topic. Here are some of the basic questions that a feature addresses: What is the problem? What institutions and people are involved? What is the standing point? What causes the problem? What are the possible consequences? 3. List your sources--people,institutions,documents,books,articles that are likely to have information and answers to your questions. 4. Refine your questions;decide what you are going to look at in the written documents and what you are going to ask your potential sources. 5. Arrange your appointments/interviews/archival search in a logical sequence,following the plan for your basic questions. 6. Conduct inferviews-know precisely what information you are trying to get from each source 7. Write an outline that sets up the structure of the feature. 8. Go back to your notes,organize information,compare and contrast data,analyze material identify missing information,expand the list of sources,conduct new interviews. 9. Write the feature. Analytical feature structure THE INTRO: The most important function of the introduction is to make the readers want to read one. THE BODY OF THE FEATURE: The content of the feature will vary depending on the subject matter,style of publication,perceived interests of the readers and intentions of the journals. The following points are what you should include in the body of your feature: Facts--include them at appropriate points throughout the text rather than in chunks. Quotes--can bring writing to life;inject authority and powerful expression into the piece. Think carefully which bits of your research to quote and which bits to translate into your own words,as the simple facts of a story do not normally need to be told through direct quotes. Description-let the readers see what you are seeing;show rather than tell. Analysis--can be provided by experts who have conducted relevant research but it may also be provided by ordinary people with direct knowledge and involvement. Your own analysis of the topic should be based on extensive research and supported by evidence. THE ENDING: Aim to provide a rounded ending of the text either in a form of summary,twist, quote or a return to the scene of the introduction. 60. The guidance on analytical features is most probably taken from_______. A.a book for news writing B.a lecture script on journalistic skills C.a school admission brochure D.a journal for interview preparation 61. Unlike a hard news story,an analytical feature_______. A.is only published in in-depth magazines B.investigates issues or events behind the news C.interprets issues or events without much detail D.covers a couple of related topics in some depth 62. Which section tells you the basic organization of an analytical feature? A. The definition Of 'an analytical feature. B. Analytical feature structure. C. A step-by-step guide to feature writing. D. A good analytical feature. 【答案】ABB (C) War is expensive and it is bloody. That is why America's Department of Defense wants to replace a third of its armed vehicles and weaponry with robots by 2015. Such a change would save money,as robots can be much cheaper to replace than people. Just as importantly for the generals,it would make waging war less prey to the politics of body bags. Nobody mourns a robot. The US military already routinely uses robotic aero planes known as unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) . In November 2001 two missiles fired from a remote-controlled Predator UAV killed Mohammad Atef, al-Qaeda's chief of military operations and one of Osama bin Laden's most important associates,as he drove his car near Kabul. But whereas UAVs and their ground-based equivalents,such as the machinegun-toting Sword robots,are usually controlled by distant human operators,the Pentagon would like to give these robots increasing amounts of autonomy,including the ability to decide when to use lethal force. To achieve this, Ronald Arkin of the Georgia Institute of Technology,in Atlanta,is developing a set of rules of engagement for battlefield robots to ensure that their use of lethal force follows the rules of ethics. In other words,he is trying to create an artificial conscience, Dr Arkin believes that there is another reason for putting robots into battle,which is that they have the potential to act more humanely than people. Stress does not affect a robot's judgment in the way it affects a soldier's. His approach is to create what he calls a"multidimensional mathematical decision-space of possible behavior actions". Based on inputs ranging from radar data and current position to mission status and intelligence feeds,the system would divide the set of all possible actions into those that are ethical and those that are not. If,for example,the drone from which the fatal attack on Atef was launched had sensed that his car was overtaking a school bus,it might then have held fire. There are comparisons to be drawn between Dr Arkin's work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics drawn up in the 1950s by Isaac Asimoy,a science-fiction writer,to govern robot behavior. But whereas Asimov's laws were intended to prevent robots from harming people in any circumstances, Dr Arkin's are supposed to ensure only that they are not unethically killed. This is an admirable goal in theory,but even if ethics can be neatly encoded into software,pitfalls remain. Although a completely rational robot might be unfazed by the chaos and confusion of the battlefield,it could still make mistakes. Surveillance and intelligence data can be wrong,and conditions and situations on the battlefield can change. 63. America's military force wants to replace people with robots NOT because_______. A.war cost a lot and it is bloody B.people show sympathy for a person not a robot C.the armed vehicles and weapons are too expensive D.the general would receive less criticism from the masses 64. Which of the following statements is True? A. Atef was killed by two missiles fired from a remote-controlled manned aerial vehicle. B. The department of force already uses UA Vs with relatively high autonomy. C. The study done by Dr. Arkin is similar to Three Laws of Robotics. D. In Arkin's opinion,a soldier's judgment can be affected but robot's won't. 65. What's the main idea of this article? A. Ronald Arkin is developing a set of rules to increase autonomy. B. Ronald Arkin is making efforts to create an artificial conscience. C. Atef was precisely bombed by a remote-controlled Predator UVA. D. There are comparisons between Dr. Arkin's work and Three Laws of Robotics. 66. What's the author's attitude about Arkin's approach? A. His approach is an admirable goal and it can be realized. B. Robot would fight without any mistakes in the battlefield. C. Dr. Arkin's approach is ethical and faultless. D. Robots are not substitute for people in the battlefield. 【答案】CDAD Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. A. A portable communication aid could recognize certain phrases and tones． B. If a problem is found， it would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's clinic． C. Experts are also working on a "digital doctor" complete with a comforting bedside manner． D. Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals， the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets． Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. E. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish， it will make the rest of your body healthy too． F. Researchers are still struggling， however， with making the technology cheap and simple enough for the domestic user． Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. (1) ___ A tooth brush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA. It is one of many gadgets proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York-others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer． The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (2) _______ In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives． Intelligent bandages are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly Identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics would work best. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications． Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer（溃疡） is coming up． All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer． If all this sounds nerve-wracking, then help is at hand. (3) ___ A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves． Stress is no sweat either. (4) _______ It would, then, let you know when you are about to lose your temper. The software would also suggest ways of keeping your cool． 【答案】EDCA IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Becoming an attractive employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers． For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask． Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's résumés list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments． Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is "What would be expected of me as an employee？" In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them． 【答案】 Due to the financial crisis in 2008, job market is not stable. As a result, job seekers should try to attract their employers．（就业者应该尽可能吸引雇主）First of all, it is vital for young people to master information technology skills. (科技能力) Besides, young employees should have much experience, enabling them to work in a variety of environment. 【高分句型一】（经验丰富）Last but not least, job seekers should take a positive attitude towards work, which will make a good impression on their employers．【高分句型二】（积极的态度） 第二卷（共40分） I. Translation (3+3+4+5) (15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 领略各种文化，体验不同的生活方式很有意思。(It) 73. 正如那本小册子介绍的那样，那里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As) 74. 节日期间，全市所有的公园将对市民免费开放，难怪大家如此兴奋。(accessible) 75. 我们应对变化、抵抗干扰的能力很大程度上决定我们能否过上平安、幸福的生活。(determine) 【答案】 1. It is very interesting to appreciate different kinds of cultures and experiencing different lifestyles. 2. As is described in the brochure, the drivers there all have developed the habit of giving way to the pedestrians. 3. During the holiday season, all the parks in the city are accessible to the citizens for free, so it’s no wonder that people are so excited. 4. Our ability to deal with changes and resist disturbance determines whether we can live a peaceful and happy life to a great extent. II. Guided Writing：（25%） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是向阳中学“志愿者服务社”(Voluntary Service Club) 的前任社长李华，李明接任了你的职位，由于缺乏相关经验，李明写了一封电子邮件，想你求助，寻求相关经验。请你以前任社长的身份，给李明回信，提出相关的建议和指导。 【参考范文】 Dear Li Ming, Having received your e-mail in which you expressed your confusion and nervousness of running the Voluntary Service Club all by yourself, I firmly believe that you can do a good job with outstanding leadership. As far as I’m concerned, it is necessary for you to demonstrate three crucial attributes while exerting the leadership appropriately. First of all, any successful leader should be trustworthy. Only when you win the respect and trust from other teammates can you get them motivated and inspired to turn the combined efforts into results. The approach of obtaining this trait is based on the mutual trust and respect between teammates and you. Besides, empathy is so indispensable an attribute that you should put yourself in your teammates’ shoes. Without this, you would have never had an idea of the challenges and difficulties facing them. Consequently, the team would not run smoothly. Last but not least, you should equip yourself with decisiveness. That is to say, you should pluck up enough courage to face up against the tricky problems, analyze them and finally make up decisions without any hesitation. From what I’ve mentioned above, you should be confident of yourself and try you best to perfect yourself continuously in these three attributes contributing to great leadership. Yours, Sincerely 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/ddda024f7d21af45b307e87101f69e314332fa95.html
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2022-05-28
