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Definition of international communication It refers to communication between people of different cultural backgrounds. It includes: A. international communication B. Interracial communication C.Interethic communication D.Interregional communication Culture: （1）culture maybe defined as what a society does and think. Language is a particular how of thought (2) culture is the socially inherited assemblage of practices and beliefs that determines the texture of our life. Communication： A behavior-affecting process in which one person (a source）internationally encodes, and transmits a message through a channel to an intended audience(receivers) in order to indude a particular attitude or behavior. 语言,文化的关系： 1. Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. 2. Language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. 3. In the broadest sense: language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comproses their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and the ways of living and thinking. 论述:sapir-whorf hypothesis 1. Language is a guide to social reality. 语言是现实社会的指南。 2. It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and process. 它强有力的规定了人们解决问题的思维及过程。 3. Human beings do not live in the objective world alone…but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society.人们不仅仅生活在一个客观世界中，也不仅仅生活在一个通常想象的那样一个社会活动的世界之中，而是任凭变成他们社会表达工具的具体语言的摆布。 4. The fact of the matter is that the real world is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habit of the group…not merely the same world with different labels attaches.实际上，很大程度上，真实的世界是在该民族语言习惯的基础上不知不觉建立起来的。没有 两种任何语言完全相似到被看成代表同一种社会现实。不同社会生活在完全不同的世界上，不单纯是一个插着不同标签的同一个世界。 The central idea of the sapir-whorf hypothesis is the language function, not simply as a device for reporting experience, but also, more significantly, as a way of defining experience for its speakers. Denotation: dictionary definition Connotation: associated meaning. How connotative meaning has developed: through use by people, especially by poets and writers. 文化对比题。对比中外动物 1. Owl-猫头鹰 Owlish(wise） as wise as an owl , owl as judge in the dispute among binds and beasts. 猫头鹰：bad luck 不吉利，厄运 夜猫子进宅，无事不来 2. Cricket-蟋蟀（秋虫） Cricket-a happy insect, as merry as a cricket, i have not had all the luck i expected；but …as merry as a cricket. ----C.Kingsling "two years ago" 蟋蟀：忧伤凄凉，孤独寂寞 独申旦而不寐兮，哀蟋蟀之宵征。----宋玉 《九辨》 昨夜寒蛩不住鸣，惊回千里梦，已三更。 ---岳飞《小重山》 但闻四壁虫声唧唧，如助余之叹息。 -----《秋声赋》 从夜到明我都无法入梦乡，夜里蟋蟀哀鸣触动我幽情。 鹤vs.Crane Chinese: the symbol of longevity. 为长寿之物，在民间，鹤与松结合，成为长寿的象征。松鹤延年 鹤发童颜 成为对高寿者的赞辞。 Japanese: the symbol of happiness British: ugly bird French: stand for stupid man and wanton woman 蝙蝠vs.Bat English: ugly, sinister, blood-sucking, as blind as a bat,as crazy as a bat,有眼无珠 Chinese; luckly 在中国，蝠与福同音，蝙蝠是吉祥，幸福的象征。民间有许多图案上有五只蝙蝠，象征五福。红蝙蝠是大吉大利的前兆，因为红蝠于洪福谐音。 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/12ed380a4a7302768e993924.html
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2023-03-20
