【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《第三次课动副结构讲解》，欢迎阅读！
专题讲解 --- 动词短语的用法 ---- 一、动词短语的概念 有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个固定结构，表达一种特定的含义，作用近似于一个单一动词，称为动词短语。 二、分类 动词短语有及物（vt.）和不及物（vi.）之分，及物动词短语必须跟宾语，不及物动词短语不跟宾语。 1．及物动词短语。例如： He is looking after his sister. 他正在照顾他的妹妹。 She always takes care of these children. 她一直照顾这些孩子。 2．不及物动词短语。例如： Look out! The bus is coming. 小心！公共汽车来了。 The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。 3．部分动词短语既可做及物动词短语，也可做不及物动词短语。例如： He took off his coat. 他脱下他的上衣。 The plane took off at nine o’clock. 飞机在九点起飞。 三、及物动词短语的用法 1．动副及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，也可置于动词与副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则只能置于动词与副词之间，不能置于整个短语之后。例如： We will hand out the advertisements. = We will hand the advertisements out. 我们将要分发广告。 If you like it, please try it on. 如果你喜欢它，就试试。 不能说成：If you like it, please try on it. 2．宾语是代词，要放中间的动副短语举例如下： put on 穿上 set up 建立 turn off 关掉 put off 脱下，推迟 pick up 捡起 turn on 打开 put up 挂起，举起 put down 放下 clean up 打扫干净 write down 写下 call/ring up 打电话 cheer up 使振奋 get back 取回 eat up 吃光 give up 放弃 1 look up 查阅 take off 脱下，起飞 give away 捐赠 work out 算出 cut down 砍倒 hand out 分发 turn up 把声音调大 wake up 叫醒 hand in 交上来 turn down 把声音调小 slow down 放慢 take out 取出 think up想出 3．宾语直接放于动词短语之后的“动词+介词”或“动词+副词+介词”词组举例如下： come up with 想出(主意) look after 照顾 look for 寻找 get on 上车 agree with 同意 ask for 请求，找 hear of 听说 knock at 敲（门、窗等）laugh at 嘲笑 wait for 等候 pay for 付钱；支付 point out 指向 run out of 用完 四、“动词+介词”型短语 1. “动词+介词”型短语用作及物动词时，后面要跟宾语。 例如： Look at the blackboard, please！请看黑板！ 2. 句首的疑问词同时用作宾语时，介词不能省略。 例如： What are you playing with?你正在玩什么？ Who are you talking with?你在和谁谈话？ 3. 在被动语态中，介词不能漏掉。 例如： The tiger was laughed at by the fox.老虎被狐狸嘲笑了一通。 五、“动词+副词”型短语 动词后加上away，out，forward等时，常构成“动副”型短语。 1. 动词后若是about，in，on，off，over，through，up，down等时，需按实际情况来确定它们是“动介”型还是“动副”型短语。但是初中阶段所学到的绝大多数都属于“动副”型短语。 2. “动副”型短语用作不及物动词时，后面不跟宾语。例如： I often go out and visit my friends. 我经常外出拜访我的朋友。 When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients.长大后，我要成为一名护士照看病人。 3. “动副”型短语用作及物动词后接宾语时，如果宾语为名词，副词位于名词前后皆可；如果宾语为人称代词，则该代词必须位于动词和副词之间。例如： Could you turn your radio down, please?=Could you turn down your radio, please?你能不能将收音机关小一点呢？ 2 She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。 【小试牛刀】 1. You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you it? A. ask for B. pay for C. think about D. find out 2. Li Lei’s parents went to work, and he had to his grandma at home. A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look back(回顾，回头看) 3. You have many ways to help when you are in trouble, so you needn’t worry. A. play for B. pay for C. ask for D. set for 4. My mother often asks me to early every morning and read English. A. get on B. get off（下车，下来） C. get up D. get in（进入，陷入） 5. Tom is good at maths, so he the maths problem quickly yesterday. A. found out B. gave out C. left out D. worded out 6. They ______ day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 【再接再厉】 （用方框内适当的词组填空。） give out take after give away work out put off hand out 1.I’ve__________a new way of doing it. 2.Out teacher said the meeting would be __________till next week. 3.I______ some clothes to charity because they were too small for me.4.I’d like to work in a food bank to _________food to the poor people. 3 5.Jim __________his father. They are both clever and a bit quiet.答案：1.worked out 2.put off 3.gave away 4.give out 5.takes after（语法专练) 1.She__________his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked for B .looked upC. looked after D. looked like 答案：B 动词look与不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的含义:look for寻找；look up查阅；look after照顾；look like看起来像。 2.Our sports meeting has been till next Monday because of the bad weather. A. put on C. put off B. put up D. put down 答案：C 句意是“由于恶劣天气的影响，运动会已经被推迟到下周一举行”。 3. —Jimmy, your toys should be in right order. —OK. I’ll _________them _________right now. A. put; down C. put; up B. put; away D. put; on 答案：B put down的意思是“放下”；put away意思是“收拾好”；put up意思是“建立；举起”；put on意思是“穿上”。题意是:我立刻把它们“收拾好”。 4. A neighbor helped to keep our dog. It _________while we were on 4 holiday. B. took care of A. was taken care C. is taken care of D. was taken care of 答案：D 本题考查动词短语的被动语态。take care of是及物动词短语，故of不能省略。 5. The three students plan to_________ a student volunteer project at their school. A. look up C. cheer up B. set up D. clean up 答案：B 句意是“这三个学生计划在他们的学校建立一个学生志愿者计划”。 6. Your school things are here and there. Will you please_________? A. throw about them B. put them away C. throw them about D. put away them 答案：B 句意是“请把它们收拾好，好吗？”，put away是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语须放在副词之前。 7.I_________to cheer him up for 20 minutes.A. was trying C. try B. tried D. have been trying答案：D have been doing 意为“一直做某事”。 8. Would you like to tell me _________next, Mr. Feng? A. what should we do B. we should do what 5 C. what we should do D. should we do what 答案：C 宾语从句的结构“关系代/副词+陈述句”。 【中考链接】 1.(2010山东实验区模拟) Carl _____________his bike and hurt his leg yesterday.A．set off B．took off C．fell off D．turned off 答案：C set off意思是“出发；动身”；take off意思是“脱下；起飞”；fall off意思是“从……摔下来”；turn off意思是“关闭”。 2.(2010江苏泰州模拟) _____________ your books, Tom. Don’t leave your things here and there. A. Put on B. Put off D. Put down C .Put away 答案：C put on意思是“穿上”；put off意思是“推迟”；put away意思是“收拾好”；put down意思是“放下”。 3.(2010江苏宿迁模拟)I have a dream. When I_____________,I want to be a scientist. A. make up C. grow up B. come up D. turn up 答案：C make up意思是“编造”；come up意思是“出现；想出”；grow up意思是“长大”；turn up意思是“调大”。 4.(2010武汉实验区模拟) —What do you think of the book Harry Potter? 6 —I like it very much. It’s_____________ interesting _____________exciting. A. neither; nor B. not; but D. either; or C. not only; but also 答案：C 本题主要考查并列连词的用法。题意可理解为:我非常喜欢它。它“既”有趣，“又”刺激。表示两者都肯定。 ★5.(2010湖北黄石模拟) —May I speak to Mr. Green？ —Sorry, he _________London. But he’ll be back in two days.A. has been to C. has been in B. has gone to D. went to 答案：B have been to意思是“曾经去过”，强调当事人不在目的地；have gone to意思是“去了”，强调当事人不在说话的地方；have been in的意思是“在（某地呆了一段时间）；加入（某组织一段时间6.(2010贵阳模拟) The girl_________ is reading under the tree is my sister． A．who C．which B．whose D．whom ） 答案：A 本题考查定语从句的用法。定语从句的先行词为girl，因 7.The room window faces south is mine. A. which B. that C. whose D./ 8The one cleans the blackboard should be praised. 9.It is the place he once lived. 10.It is in the place we met each other. 7 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/882f69e5a2c7aa00b52acfc789eb172ded63992a.html
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2022-07-15
