名词复数变化规则

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复数,名词,变化,规则



名词复数变化

1. 一般情况下加s map maps 2. s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加 -es 3. y结尾的名词,变复数时

busbuses stomach()---stomachsepoch(新时期)---epochs a. 以辅音字母+y, y i es babybabies

b. 专有名词或元音字母+y, 直接加s two Marys, monkeys Dry禁酒论者---drys , standby 后备人员---standbys

a. s photophotos

b. esNegro, hero, potato, tomato, volcano, tornado, torpedo, veto, mosquito,

4. o 结尾的名词,变复数时

5. ffe 结尾的名词变复数时 a. ffe veshalfhalves

b. sgulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe +S

6. 名词复数的不规则变化

a. manmen womanwomen childchildren footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louse - lice ox - oxen

b. an Englishmantwo Englishmen. 【但German-Germanshuman-humans **c. 外来名词:criterioncriteria(标准)phenomenonphenomena(现象)analysisanalyses(分析)basisbases(基础)crisiscrises(危机)

thesistheses(论文)bacteriumbacteria(细菌)Medium media(媒介物)



7. 单复 同形 名词 8.

deer, sheep, fish, shark, giraffe, buffalo, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish, Danish, means, series,

species, aircraft, staff, li, jin, yuan, two li, three mu, four jin除了中国度量衡和货币之外,美元,英镑,法郎等都有复数形式。the English, the Chinese,表示国民总称时,谓语用复数。-ese, -ish结尾的国家人单复同形。 2 pieces of fish 2 fish 2 pieces of glass penny(便士)

2 fishes 2 pairs of glasses Pennies(个数)

2 glasses pence (价值)

A单数类集体名词:

意思为复数,但谓语用单数humanity 人类clothing 衣服glassware 玻璃器具machinery 机械mankind 人类equipment 设备jewelry 珠宝poetry baggage 行李furniture 家具luggage 行李pottery 陶器

B复数类集体名词:以单数形式出现,但实为复数,谓语用复数。 faculty, poultry, folk, people, police等本身就是复数,谓语动词复数。不能说 a peoplea police,但可以说a persona policeman a peopletwo peoples

C单复同形类集体名词谓语单复数由意思决定army; audience; bacteria; cast; class, committee; community; company; council; crew; data; enemy; family; flock; gang; government; group; herd; jury; media; navy; opposition; police; press; public; staff ; team; youth 单数:My family is big family. 复数:His family are all music lovers.



9. s结尾,仍为单数的名词

10. -表示由两部分构成的东西

-ing结尾的词

a. mathspoliticsphysics学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United Statesthe United Nations 应视为单数。 d. 某些疾病mumps 腮腺炎 measles 麻疹 e. 活动名称billiards /cards /darts

如:glasses, trousers, clothes, slippers 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair; suit, a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers。谓语单复数取决于数量词pair单复数。 belongings; surroundings; doings; earnings; findings; savings;;

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-其他复数

11. 复合名词的复数

contents; arms; fireworks; wages; forces; remains; valuables; stairs; sweets a. man woman构成的合成词,其复数形式前后都变复数 Woman teacherwomen teachers

b. 中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数,将最后一个名词变复数 housewifehousewives; greenhousegreenhouse

c. 中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词,将主要的词变成复数 passer-bypassers-by; mother-in-lawmothers-in-law

d. 复合名词中的单词没有名词时,则在最后一个单词的词尾+s go-betweengo-betweens, has-beenhas-beens (过时的人或物) thanks to; give regards to; take pains; with best wishes; have words with; in high spirits; in all directions; shake hands with sb; make preparations for; make friends with; congratulations (to sb) on (doing) sth



12. 用复数的固定词组



常见的不可数名词有:

--物质/材料:air; beancurd; beef; blood; bread; butter; chalk; chicken; chocolate; cloth; coal; coffee; corn; cream; daylight; cotton; dirt; dust; energy; cheese; fibre; fog; food; fruit; flesh; four; glass; gold; grain; grass; hair; honey; iron; kerosene; lightning; meat; milk; money; moustache; mud; music; mutton; hay; oxygen; paper; pork; porridge; powder; rain; ice; rubbish; salt; sauce; silver; steam; steel; storage; sugar; sunrise; sweat; thirst; thunder; water; wheat; wind; wood; wool; soap; vinegar; wine; soup;

baggage; clothing; furniture; luggage; jewelry; equipment; electricity; homework; --抽象:time; noise; information; knowledge; progress; trouble; fun; courage; luckpatiencepoverty; wealthtrafficwaste quality; advice; attention; business; citizenship; danger; darkness; death; depth; damage; comfort; education; disappointment; experience(经验); freedom; future, goodness, graduation; grammar; happiness; health; hunger; imagination; importance; justice; kindness; luck; measure; labour; humor; permission; pressure; practice; pleasure; population; sickness; smoking; sorrow; starvation; treatment; truth; use; willingness; wisdom; weather; work; housework; pollution; ****【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:weather, fun, 太空), advice, word=news, progress, space(........information, news

不可数名词也可以直接加-s等表示复数,但它的意义也有所变化,用来指一些具体的事物。

--Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) --These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)

--This factory produces steel. 这个工厂生产钢铁。(不可数) --We need various steels. 我们需要各种钢材。(可数) --Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。(不可数) --Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。(可数) water() - waters(水域) sea() - seas(海域)

sand(沙子) - sands(沙漠) wood(木头) - woods(树林)

damage(毁坏) - damages(赔偿金) good(好处) - goods(货物) time(时间) - times(时代)

custom(风俗) - customs(海关) minute(分钟) - minutes(记录) manner(态度) - manners(礼貌)

exercise(锻炼) - exercises(体操、练习) paper(纸) - papers(文件)

advice(建议) - advices(通知) force(力量) - forces(军队)

return(回来) - returns(统计表) green(绿色) - greens(青菜) light(光) - lights(灯) iron(铁) - irons(熨斗)

glass(玻璃) - glasses(玻璃杯)

freedom (自由) -four freedoms (特指四大自由”) necessity(必要性) - necessities(生活必需品)

modernization (现代化) - the four modernizations (特指四个现代化”) spirit(精神) - in high spirits(情绪) custom(习俗) - customs(海关)

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