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语法复习之:同位语从句 一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质。 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。 例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句 1. 如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略) 例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2. 如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句) 例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3. 如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1:I have no idea when he will be back. 析:he will be back意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。 例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析:he went home意义不完整,应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。 4. 当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。 如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限。 同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。 区分时可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。 如:The report that he was going to resign was false. 1 因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺,所以,that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。 例1: 1)Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 析:答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中做成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于: 2)It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 析:答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中做主语,所以该句为定语从句。 例2:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 析:答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中做主语。应将该句区别于: I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that 析:答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中做成分,所以该句为同位语从句。 另外注意:有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略that;在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。 巩固性练习: 1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. 2 本文来源:https://www.dywdw.cn/a0c29e0716fc700abb68fcfb.html