what和which有什么区别

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区别,什么,which,what

whatwhich有什么区别?

whatwhich都是疑问代词,可以指事物,它们既可以单独作主语或宾语,也可以作定语修饰名词,区别如下: 一、修饰名词:

当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,which用于有范围限制的场合,what用于没有范围限制,侧重于种类的场合。如:

Which color do you like, black or white? Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? What color is your car?

二、单独使用,后面不加名词:

当其后不接名词时,whichwhat的用法区别依然是:用于有范围限制的场合,what用于没有范围限制,侧重于种类的场合。如:

What would you like for dinner?

I'd like tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and onions.

We have tomatoes, cucumbers and onions. Which would you like for dinner? I'd like some tomatoes.

三、与elseof短语连用时:

由于what提问的事物没有范围限制,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范围of短语。而which提问的事物有范围限制,所以其后一般不接else,但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用。如:

What else have you bought?

Which of these dictionaries is yours?

在有选择范围时用which,没有选择范围时用what。如: They said that you had bought a new car. What color is it?

At present we have four cars for sale. Which color do you prefer?

疑问代词whichwhat用于人时与 who的区别

一、后接名词时的区别

当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,只用whichwhat,不能用who 如: Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?

whichwhat的区别是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。

如: Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种? Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大? What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的? 但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也可用which Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? 二、其后不接名词时的区别

当其后不接名词时,三者均可用,whichwhat的用法区别依然是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。

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如: Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里,是红色的那个还是黑色的那一个?

What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西?

至于who,它一般只用来指人,不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。

如:Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克? Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?

注:当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可以用whichwhich one代之。

如:Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢

谁,父亲还是母亲?

三、与else以及of短语搭配时的区别

1、正由于whatwho的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范围的of短语。

如:What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么?

Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁? 在你的老师之中,你最喜欢哪一位?

正:Which of your teachers do you like best? 误:Who [What] of your teachers do you like best? 我们当中谁去洗衣服?

正:Which of us is going to do the washing? 误:Who of us is going to do the washing? 这些词典当中哪一本是你的?

正:Which of these dictionaries is yours? 误:What of these dictionaries is yours?

2which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接else但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:

Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大? Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中,哪一个力气最大? 你还要点别的什么吗?

正:What else would you like? 误:Which else would you like?

四、口语中的用法区别

比较以下三组对话,注意体会区别: AWho is he? 他是谁?

BHe is Mary’s husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。

注:Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。 AWhat is he? 他是干什么的?

BHe is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。 注:What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。 AWhich is he? 哪位是他?

BThe one by the window. 窗户边的那位。

注:Which is he? 的意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。



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