高考英语语法代词讲解

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代词,英语,语法,讲解,高考

考点知识全面总结

高频考点知识总结

一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和疑问代词 (一)人称代词

1.当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。如: Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 这孩子真可爱。是男孩还是女孩? 2. 人称代词有时也可用作名词。如: Its not a she; its a he. 那不是女孩是个男孩。

3. 人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。如: ---Glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。 ---Me, too. 我也是。

4. 代词they(不分性别)代表一提到过的一些人或物,在口语中还可以代替he or she。此外,they还可泛指一般人。如:

The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening. 布朗夫妇打电话了。他们今天晚上到。

If anyone arrives late, theyll have to wait outside. 谁要是迟到,谁就得在外面等着。(代替he or she They say were going to have a hot summer. 据说今年夏天将会很热。(泛指一般人) (二)物主代词

物主代词即人称代词的所有个形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, theirs)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。如:

This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。(作名词的定语)

Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗?(作动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语) 2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独做主语、宾语、表语;此外,名词性物主代词还

可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/ an/ this/ these/ those/ some/ any/ several/ no/ each/ every/ such/ another/ which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如: This is her coat. Mine is over there. 这是她的大衣,我的(大衣)在那。

Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友将参加我的生日聚会。

(三)反身代词





1. 反身代词的基本用法 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese. 作宾语 介宾:The boy is old enough to take dare of himself. 反身代词 作表语:She is not quite herself today. 做同位语:I myself can repair the bike. 3. 含有反身代词的惯用语

与介词连用

Youll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (亲自) The computer can shut off of itself.=naturally自动地) Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.(本身,本质)

One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.=for ones own private use; not to be shared独自享用)

He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.=almost mad with anger/ excitement, etc. 由于气愤/ 激动等而发狂、忘形) (四)疑问代词 1. what, who的区别

一般来说,what问职业、地位;who问的是姓名或身份。如: Who is that man? He is her husband.

What is the man over there? He is a doctor. 2. which, what的区别

which是在一直范围内进行选择,后面可跟of短语;what是在未知范围内进行选择,后面不可跟of短语。如:Which ( of the animals) is bigger, an elephant or a horse?(有范围) What do you want to read?(无范围)

3. whatever, whichever, whoever等的用法

whatever, whichever, whoever分别问what, which, who的强调形式,相当于what/ which/ who on earth,意为:到底(究竟)什么/ 哪一个/谁。如:

Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么?

Whoever gave you the book? 究竟是谁给你的书? 4. what的习惯用法

the population? 人口是多少? the distance? 距离是多远? the price (of the book)? (书的) 价格是多少? What is your address? 你住在哪里? your attitude? 你的态度怎样? the height/ weight/ the depth/ length/ width/ size? 高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/大小是多少? 二、不定代词

(一)both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法

任何 都不 两者

both

either

neither


三者或三者以上 all any none

如:

When shall we meet again?

Make it any day you like: its all the same to me —咱们什么时候再见面?

—你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说,哪天都无所谓 Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid neither day is possible. —周一和周二你哪天能来? —恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。

Do you want tea or coffee? 你要茶还是要咖啡?

Either. I really dont mind. (这两种)哪个都行,我都不介意。 (二)none, nothing, nobody( no one)的区别

1.none即可指人,也可指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句;nobodyno one)只能指人,且表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。如:

How much money do you have?你有多少钱? None. 一点也没有。

What are you doing now? 你在做什么? Nothing. 什么也没做。

2. none 常与前面的some/ any/ every+名词连用;nothing往往与前面的something/ anything/ everything连用;no one往往与前面的somebody(one) / anybody(one) / everybody(one)连用。 如:

If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none. 如果我有钱的话,我就借给他一些,但不幸的是,我没钱。

3. none后面可跟of短语,而something/ anything/ everything/ nothing someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。如:

As we were asleep , none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉,因此没人听到那声音。 None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. 他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那还是秘密。 (三)any, every的区别 Any+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中)任何”,即:这个或那个或那个;every+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”,即:这个和那个和那个。not any表全部否定,而not every+名词表部分否定。如: I have many books here, and you can take any one. 我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。

Every student has to take the examination. (= All the students have to take the examination.) 每个学生都必须参加考试。 (四)each, every的区别 each强调“个体”,可作代词和形容词,指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”every强调“全体”,只能作定语,指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”Each作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,不可用not each表部分否定。如: Each of my children goes to a different school.



我的几个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。

Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars. = The tickets cost 10 dollars each. =The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每张票十美元。(后面两句中each作同位语) Every man is not honest. = Not every man is honest. 并非每个人都诚实。 (五)全部否定和部分否定

all, both, everyone/ everybody/ everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定;no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及no+名词都表示全部否定、但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们前还是后都表示部分否定,此外not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。 (六)one, another, the other; some, others, the others的区别

一个/ 一些

另一个/一些 剩余的一个/ 一些

单数 one another the other 复数

some

others

the others

此外,the other只能加可数名词(单数或复数),不可加不可数名词;但另外一个短语the rest of(剩余的)后可以加复数名词,还可以加不可数名词;副词else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。 (七)one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别 One用来代替前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/ an+可数名词;ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念,the one用来代替前面的特质的单数名词,有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)the ones用来代替前面的特指的复数名词,有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)that用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/ 不可数名词。如: Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (= a present) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=presents) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that/ the one (=the book) under the desk

The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones (=the books) under the desk. Few pleasures can equal that (=the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day. (八)many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别



代表/ 复数名词 many few 代表/ 不可数名词

much little

肯定 否定 代表/ 复数名词 a few 几个 few 代表/ 不可数名词

a little一点

little

(九)与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型

He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一个职员。 He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员 He is someone/ something/ not anybody.

他是个重要人物/ 出色的人物/ 普通的人。

She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives. 她可以说是一位出色的医生,她已经救了很多人的命。 三、it的用法

(一)it 指代时间、距离、自然现象等,如: It is half past two now. (指时间)


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