【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《主谓一致》，欢迎阅读！
Grammar Part in Unit 1 Women of Achievement : 主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 总结：由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 【注意】：①试比较：The writer and artist has come. The writer and the artist have come. 总结：若and所连接的两个词若and后的名词没有冠词则是指同一个人或物,这时它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。而在The writer and the artist have come这句中and后的名词有冠词. 这时and所连接的两个名词是指两人。 谓语用复数。 ② Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 总结：由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, every , each, more than a (an) 等修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 2、Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / He as well as the other visitors agrees with what the guide said. /She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 总结：在主语+ together with/ but /as well as / like/ except/ besides/ rather than/ along with /等结构中，后者不计入主语之中。主语如是单数,动词用单数；主语如是复数，动词用复数。 3、Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 总结：each, either, neither, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词（如something、anything、nothing、everything），都作单数看待。 【提示】① None of them owns a car./ Neither of the boys are/is interested in English./ Is either of the boys ready? 总结：代词none和neither, 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个” 时，谓语动词用单数。either of作主语时, 谓语动词则常用单数。 ② All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。 (all指代事情) All were present at the meeting yesterday. 所有的人都出席了这次会议。(all指代人) 总结：all指代事时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 all指代人时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 4. Plenty of water has been stored in the container. / The rest of the students are sitting there, listening. / The rest of the water is for the vegetables. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. / There are a lot of people in the classroom. 总结：由a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ the rest of/ the majority of或分数词或百分数构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。 【注意】①A large quantity of milk has been sold. / Large quantities of milk have been 1 sold. 总结：a large quantity (amount) of/ large quantities (amounts)of修饰不可数名词时，则根据quantity（amount）的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数。 ② The population of China is very large. Two-thirds of the population here are workers. 总结：Population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但被分数、被分数修饰时，谓语动词则用复数。 【注意区别】： ①a number of“许多的”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 ②a variety of (各种各样的) 修饰名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数；the variety of (…… 的种类) 修饰名词做主语时，谓语动词。 5. More than one boy has been punished. Many a boy has seen it. 总结：词组more than one, many a+单数名词作主语时，虽然表示复数概念，但谓语动词依然要用单数形式。 【提示】：“more +复数名词 +than one” 结构后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如: More members than one are （be）against your plan. 6、He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 总结：在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。 【提示】试比较：This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. 总结：在 “one of +复数名词 +who/ that/ which”引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词用复数; 但one之前有限定词修饰时,如: the only, the等修饰,谓语动词用单数。 7、 What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 总结：从句作主语: 由what引导的主语从句, 谓语动词通常用单数, 但所指的具体内容是复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 8. Reading books is his favorite. ( 不要受books的影响) Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. (两个不定式表示同一概念) 总结：动名词、不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 9、There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 总结：在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 （二）意义一致:根据主语判断是单数还是复数概念,谓语与主语的意义保持一致。 1. Twenty years is a short period in history. 总结：表时间、距离、重量、价格等复数名词或词组作为一个单位看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2、Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor./ Her family is a big one./ Her family were at table when she got home. 总结：如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成 2 员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 3. Physics is my headache. The United States is an industrial country. 总结：以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, maths, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词均用单数；而书名，戏名，报纸名，国名等，形式上虽是复数形式，但其谓语动词也同样用单数。 4. Nowadays the old are being taken good care of. The new is certain to take the place of the old. 总结：the+形容词/分词作主语时，如指一类人，谓语动词用复数；如表达的是抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 5. Every possible means has been tried, but in vain. All possible means have been tried, but in vain. 总结：means作“方法”“手段”或 “工具”解并被a，such a，this，that，every等修饰时，谓语用单数，用a11，such，these，those修饰时谓语用复数。 6.由相同或对称两部分(“成双成对”)组成的物品，如：trousers ,shoes, glasses（眼镜），clothes, pants, jeans, shorts等表示一种组合体, 谓语常用复数，但这类名词前如果用a pair of来修饰，谓语由pair的单复数形式来决定。 例如：This pair of trousers is mine Here are some new pairs of shoes. （三）就近一致原则指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,在某些结构和句型中与最近的主语保持一致。具体有以下两种情况。 1． 由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only…but(also) 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语取得一致。例如： Not only you but also I am wrong. 2． 在倒装句中谓语动词要和后面第一个主语保持一致。例如： There’s a cow and some sheep under the tree. 3 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/244dafcabceb19e8b8f6baed.html
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2022-03-19
