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大学英语六级分类模拟题245 Translation 1、胡同 有一种说法称“胡同(hutong)”这个词来源于蒙古语(Mongolian)，意思是“井”。古时候人们聚集和生活在井的周围，所以“胡同”一词的本意应该是“人们聚集生活的地方”。另外一个解释是：在元朝(the Yuan Dynasty)时，居民区被分割成几个区域，区域间增设过道以便居民来往。这些过道的另一个作用就是隔离防火。在蒙古语中，这种过道被称做“胡同”。不管它的确切意思如何，有一点是可以肯定的：胡同最初出现是在元朝。 2、孔子学院 孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国国家对外汉语教学领导小组办公室在世界各地设立的旨在推广汉语和传播中国文化与国学(sinology)的教育和文化交流机构。其最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供规范的现代汉语教材和最正规、最权威的汉语教学平台。孔子学院是一家非营利性的公共机构，总部设在北京，境外的孔子学院都是其分部。全球首家孔子学院于2004年11月21日在韩国首尔成立。迄今为止，全世界已经有超过300所孔子学院。 3、腊八节 腊八节(Laba Festival)，俗称“腊八”，是古代欢庆丰收、感谢祖先和神灵的祭祀(sacrificial)节日。民间对于腊八节的起源说法不一。其中的一种说法是：三千多年前，人们要在阴历第十二个月举办一种名叫“腊”的献祭仪式。那时汉字“猎物”和“腊”是可以相互替代的(interchangeable)，之后人们就用“腊”指代两者。由于这个节日在腊月的第八天庆祝，人们后来补充了数字8(汉语“八”)。因而有了现在的“腊八”。中国人有在腊八节喝腊八粥的传统。 4、《红楼梦> 明清时代，古典小说蓬勃发展，出现了中国文学史上的“四大名著”，它们是《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《红楼梦》。《红楼梦》是中国古典文学中艺术性(artistry)和思想性(ideology)结合得最好的一部长篇小说，是中国文学中伟大的现实主义杰作。这部小说以贾宝玉和林黛玉的爱情悲剧为线索，描写了封建官僚贾、王、史、薛四大家族，特别是贾家的衰落过程，揭露了封建统治者的罪恶，说明了封建王朝必将衰落的历史命运。 5、杭州 杭州是中国著名的八大古都之一，已有两千多年的历史，自古就有“上有天堂，下有苏杭”的美誉。杭州的天堂地位多半是由西湖而来，西湖一年四季风景如画(picturesque view)，宋代著名诗人苏轼曾用“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞美西湖。杭州不仅风景优美，名胜古迹众多，而且物产也很丰富。除了“人间天堂”的美誉外，它还享有“鱼米之乡”、“丝绸之府”和“茶叶之都”的盛名。作为著名的风景旅游城市，杭州每年都会接待两千多万名中外游客。 答案: Translation 1、Hutong There is a saying that the word "hutong" originated from Mongolian, meaning "well". In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of "hutong" should be "a place where people gather and live". Another explanation is that during the Yuan Dynasty, residential areas in the city were divided into several districts through which there were passageways for people to travel. Those passageways also functioned as isolation belts against fire risks. In Mongolian, passageways of this kind were called "hutong". Nevertheless, no matter what hutong exactly means, one thing is for sure: Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty. 2、Confucius Institute Confucius Institutes, set up worldwide by China's National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, are educational and cultural exchange institutions that aim to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture and sinology. One of their most important functions is to provide Chinese language learners around the world with standardized modern Chinese teaching materials and the most formal, authoritative platform for teaching and learning Chinese. Headquartered in Beijing and with branches around the world, Confucius Institutes are non-profit public institutions. The first Confucius Institute was established in Seoul, South Korea, on 21st November, 2004. So far, there are more than 300 Confucius Institutes in the whole world. 3、Laba Festival Laba Festival, commonly known as "Laba", is a festival of sacrifice to celebrate the harvest and express people's gratitude to their ancestors and gods in ancient times. Among the people, opinions on the origin of Laba Festival vary. One of the versions is that over 3,000 years ago people held a kind of sacrificial rite called "La" in the twelfth lunar month. The Chinese characters for "liewu (prey)" and "la (the twelfth month)" were interchangeable then, and later people used "La" to refer to both. Since the festival was held on the eighth day of "la month (the twelfth lunar month)", people later added the number eight ("ba" in Chinese) to "La", which is how the current Laba came into being. Chinese people have the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge at the Laba Festival. 4、A Dream of Red Mansions During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, classical novels were flourishing. It was in this period that the four classic novels of Chinese literature, namely, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions were written. In China's classical literature, A Dream of Red Mansions is the best one in combining artistry with ideology and it is also considered a masterpiece of Chinese realistic literature. Based on the tragic love story of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, the novel describes the decline of four feudal noble families, that is, Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, especially Jia, revealing the sins of the feudal rulers and telling us the historical fate of the doomed feudal dynasty. 5、Hangzhou Hangzhou, one of China's eight well-known ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It has boasted the honor of "Heaven on Earth" since ancient times. Hangzhou's fame lies mainly in West Lake, which has a picturesque view all the year round. West Lake was compared by Su Shi, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty "who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup" to praise it. Hangzhou does not only have beautiful scenery and numerous historical relics but also has abundant natural resources. Besides the honor of "Heaven on Earth", it also enjoys the reputation as "Town of Fish and Rice", "Home of Silk", and "Tea Capital". As a famous tourist city with many scenic spots, Hangzhou welcomes over 20 million tourists from home and abroad every year. 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/3d5f98cb77c66137ee06eff9aef8941ea66e4b21.html
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2022-08-27
