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模块5 unit2 现在分词 现在分词学案 一．动词的-ing形式： 动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，称为动名词。有的则起形容词或副词作用，故称为现在分词。所以现在分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、宾语补足语（宾补）和状语。现在分词仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 一般式：动词原形+-ing 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，所表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。 e.g. I found him lying on the ground. 考：_____ in the field on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.（08 安徽） A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 完成式：having+动词的过去分词 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 e.g. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 考：_____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(08 福建) A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者.having been done 在时间上，先于主句谓语动词发生。 e.g. The area being studied is called an archeological site 考：______ many times, she still repeated the same mistake. A. Had told B. Having been told C. Having told D. Being told. 否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 never e.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise. 考：______ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made 二．现在分词的功能和用法 1. 作表语，相当于形容词。 1) The film is moving and interesting. 这部电影感人又有趣。 2) The news sounds encouraging. 这个消息听起来激动人心。 （起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving） pleasing, etc.） 考：It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely____ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 2. 宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，find, have, keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。 2) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 1 模块5 unit2 现在分词 你不该让机器运行。 3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。 4) He kept me waiting for almost an hour. 他让我等了将近一个小时。 翻译句子1)当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。(see) 2) 她能感觉到她的心因害怕而跳动。(feel) 3).别让他在雨里等。(leave) 考：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 3. 作定语: 单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。 Eg. 1) exciting news激动人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天 2) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman. 这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。 3) The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide. 连接两个村子的路非常的宽。 4) They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago. =They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago. 三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。 考：The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_____ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 现在分词，过去分词，不定式作定语的区别。 (1) 当与被修饰的名词为主动关系且表正在进行时，用doing; 当与被修饰的名词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being done; (2) 当与被修饰的名词为被动关系且表完成时，用done. (3)当表将来的动作或未完成的动作时，用to do. 完成下列小题。1. Listen! The song ________ (sing) is very popular with the students. 2. The question __________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance. 3. Have you read the novel _______ by Caoxueqin?(write) 4. Do you know the boy ______ (lie) under the big tree? 4. 作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，也就是说现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，并且与句子的主语是主动关系。 1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴随状语)秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。 2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语) 她们边唱边跳走进教室。 3) Hearing the news he jumped. （时间状语） 听到这个消息他跳了起来。 2 模块5 unit2 现在分词 4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语） 研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。 5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语） 为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。 6) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. （原因状语） 他太生气了睡不着。 7) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语) 公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。 8) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语) 他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。 9) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) 虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。 10) While playing the piano, she got very excited. =When she was playing the piano, she got very excited. 她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。 考：1._______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 2.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 注意: (1) V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 1) Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。 常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc. (2) Having done所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生 1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. =After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。 2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After receiving his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信，我决定回信。 (3) 一些特殊用法:Generally speaking --- 一般来说 Frankly speaking, --- 坦白地说 Judging from --- 根据……来判断 Considering --- 考虑到…… Eg. Judging from her accent, she must be an American. (4).不定式和现在分词都可以作原因状语和结果状语，不定式常在作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。在句首作原因状语只能用现在分词。 Eg. I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill.(不定式作状语，表原因) 不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，现在分词则表示自然而然的结果。 Eg He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(不定式作结果状语) 3 本文来源：https://www.dywdw.cn/5a17ac36eefdc8d376ee3233.html
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2022-03-31
